TABLE 5.
Coefficients multilevel change score model for reading comprehension.
| Fixed effects |
Null model |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
||||
| Effect | SE | Effect | SE | Effect | SE | Effect | SE | |
| Intercept mean | 528.1 | 2.5 | 529.1 | 3.1 | 529.4 | 2.3 | 529.4 | 2.3 |
| Slope mean | 56.9 | 2.3 | 56.0 | 2.8 | 56.6 | 2.8 | 57.2 | 2.5 |
| Student level predictors intercept | ||||||||
| Engagement | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | ||||
| Socioeconomic status | 12.0 | 0.9 | 12.0 | 0.9 | ||||
| Other language | –14.7 | 2.9 | –14.7 | 2.9 | ||||
| Student level predictors slope | ||||||||
| Intercept | –0.5 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Engagement | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | ||||
| Socioeconomic status | –0.5 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 0.7 | ||||
| Other language | 7.0 | 2.4 | –0.4 | 2.0 | ||||
| School level predictors intercept | ||||||||
| Average engagement | 0.3 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 6.3 | ||||
| Average socioeconomic status | 21.1 | 4.2 | 21.0 | 4.3 | ||||
| Percentage other language | –55.8 | 9.9 | –54.4 | 9.8 | ||||
| Textbook 1: Kameleon | 14.1 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.8 | ||
| Textbook 2: Taalbende | –18.2 | 7.3 | –2.1 | 6.1 | –2.0 | 6.0 | ||
| Textbook 3: Taalsignaal | –0.3 | 5.4 | –4.0 | 4.2 | –4.2 | 4.2 | ||
| Textbook 4: Tijd voor taal | ||||||||
| Textbook 5: Totemtaal | –9.0 | 11.9 | –0.1 | 7.5 | –0.2 | 7.6 | ||
| School level predictors slope | ||||||||
| Intercept | –0.5 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Average engagement | –2.7 | 7.8 | –2.6 | 7.9 | ||||
| Average socioeconomic status | 2.8 | 3.6 | 13.7 | 6.2 | ||||
| Percentage other language | 24.3 | 10.0 | –3.9 | 15.5 | ||||
| Textbook 1: Kameleon | –5.0 | 6.1 | –3.6 | 6.0 | –0.9 | 4.9 | ||
| Textbook 2: Taalbende | 10.4 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 | ||
| Textbook 3: Taalsignaal | 0.6 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 5.0 | –0.9 | 4.8 | ||
| Textbook 4: Tijd voor taal | ||||||||
| Textbook 5: Totemtaal | 5.5 | 6.7 | 0.1 | 6.7 | –0.1 | 5.1 | ||
| Random effects student level | ||||||||
| Intercept | 2977.3 | 84.1 | 2976.6 | 84.0 | 2658.2 | 78.7 | 2658.2 | 78.7 |
| Slope | 2488.5 | 92.5 | 2487.7 | 92.4 | 2479.3 | 93.6 | 1792.4 | 66.2 |
| Intercept × slope | –1384.0 | 76.0 | –1383.2 | 76.0 | –1350.8 | 73.4 | NA | NA |
| Random effects school level | ||||||||
| Intercept | 446.9 | 91.5 | 393.1 | 79.3 | 115.2 | 34.4 | 115.1 | 34.4 |
| Slope | 190.8 | 48.5 | 178.4 | 45.1 | 155.0 | 43.4 | 123.9 | 42.6 |
| Intercept × slope | –119.9 | 49.7 | –94.9 | 46.5 | –59.4 | 26.8 | NA | NA |
| Model fit | ||||||||
| Log-likelihood | −32474.524 | −32468.603 | −44066.269 | −44066.269 | ||||
| χ2 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 43.215 | 43.224 | ||||
| df | 0 | 0 | 12 | 12 | ||||
| CFI | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.981 | 0.981 | ||||
| RMSEA | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.029 | ||||