Table 1.
Patient demographics, maternal, perinatal and postnatal characteristics.
| NE; No AKI (n = 66) | NE + AKI (n = 47) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Male) | 44 (66.7%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.06 |
| Ethnicity | 1.00 | ||
| Hispanic | 4 (8.2%) | 3 (8.8%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 45 (91.8%) | 31 (91.2%) | |
| Race | 0.50 | ||
| White | 33 (50%) | 26 (55.3%) | |
| Black | 11 (16.7%) | 10 (21.3%) | |
| Other | 22 (33.3%) | 11 (23.4%) | |
| Gestational Age (Weeks) | 0.64 | ||
| 34–37 | 14 (21.2%) | 8 (17%) | |
| 37 or Greater | 52 (78.8%) | 39 (83.0%) | |
| Birthweight (g) | 0.55 | ||
| 1501 – 2501 | 9 (13.6%) | 4(8.7%) | |
| ≥2501 | 57 (86.4%) | 42 (91.3%) | |
| Day of Life at Admission | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.10 |
| Outborn* | 46 (69.7%) | 43 (91.5%) | 0.005 |
| Mode of Delivery | |||
| Caesarean Section | 34 (54.0%) | 18 (42.9%) | 0.26 |
| Vaginal Birth | 29 (46.0%) | 24 (57.1%) | |
| Delivery Room Resuscitation | |||
| Respiratory Support | 65 (98.5%) | 43 (91.5%) | 0.07 |
| Chest Compressions | 16 (24.2%) | 13 (27.7%) | 0.68 |
| Epinephrine | 8 (12.1%) | 9 (19.1%) | 0.30 |
| Normal Saline bolus | 12 (18.2%) | 13(27.7%) | 0.23 |
| Admission Temp. (°C) | 35.6 ± 1.8 | 34.5 ± 2.2 | 0.04 |
| Apgar Scores | |||
| 1 minute | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.43 |
| 5 minute | 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 0.35 |
| Pregnancy Characteristics | |||
| Intrapartum infection | 9 (13.6%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.77 |
| Diabetes | 8 (12.1%) | 6 (12.8 %) | 1.00 |
| Gestational Hypertension | 8 (12.1%) | 4 (8.5%) | 0.76 |
| IUGR | 1 (1.5%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.08 |
| Prenatal Tobacco Use | 8 (12.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0.19 |
| Intrapartum Complications | |||
| Nuchal Cord | 11 (16.7%) | 12 (25.5%) | 0.34 |
| MSAF | 12 (18.2%) | 17 (36.2%) | 0.03 |
| Severe Bleeding | 6 (9.1%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0.73 |
| Shoulder Dystocia | 4 (6.1%) | 3 (6.4%) | 1.00 |
| Postpartum Factors | |||
| NT drug exposure** | 49 (74.2%) | 41 (87.2%) | 0.10 |
| Fluid overload ǂ | 22 (33.3%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.12 |
| Bacteremia/meningitisǂǂ | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 1.00 |
Data are n (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR 25, 75).
*
Outborn indicates infant born outside the admitting NICU (including home births, birth centers, and lower-acuity facilities).
**
NT drug exposure = nephrotoxic drug exposure within first 7 days (gentamicin, vancomycin, furosemide, indomethacin)
ǂ
Fluid overload defined as weight > 5% above birth weight at any point in.first 7 days of life
ǂǂ
Denotes culture-positive bacteremia or meningitis within the first 7 days of life.
AKI = acute kidney injury; wks = weeks; g = grams; cm = centimeters; °C degrees Celsius; IUGR = intrauterine growth restriction; MSAF = Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid