Table 2.
Comparison of patient demographics, maternal, perinatal and postnatal characteristics between infants with AKI with and without neonatal encephalopathy.
| AKI; no NE n = 364 | AKI + NE (n = 47) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Male) | 220 (60.4) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.16 |
| Ethnicity | 0.76 | ||
| Hispanic | 31 (10.5%) | 3 (8.8%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 264 (89.5%) | 31 (91.2%) | |
| Race | 0.27 | ||
| White | 239 (65.7%) | 26 (55.3%) | |
| Black | 49 (13.5%) | 10 (21.3%) | |
| Other | 76 (20.9%) | 11 (23.4%) | |
| Gestational Age (Weeks) | 0.047 | ||
| 34–37 | 113 (31.0%) | 8 (17%) | |
| 37 or Greater | 251 (69.0%) | 39 (83.0%) | |
| Birthweight (g) | 0.045 | ||
| 1501 – 2501 | 76 (20.9%) | 4(8.7%) | |
| ≥2501 | 283 (77.7%) | 42 (91.3%) | |
| Outborn* | 258 (70.9%) | 43 (91.5%) | 0.002 |
| Mode of Delivery | 0.97 | ||
| Caesarean Section | 144 (42.6%) | 18 (42.9%) | |
| Vaginal Birth | 194 (57.4%) | 24 (57.1%) | |
| Delivery Room Resuscitation | |||
| Respiratory Support | 185 (50.8%) | 43 (91.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Chest Compressions | 16 (4.4%) | 13 (27.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Epinephrine | 10 (2.7%) | 9 (19.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Normal Saline bolus | 25 (6.9%) | 13(27.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Admission Temp. (°C) | 36.6 ± 1.1 | 34.5 ± 2.2 | |
| Apgar Scores | |||
| 1 minute | 8 (4, 8) | 1.5 (1.0, 3.0) | <0.0001 |
| 5 minute | 8 (7, 9) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | <0.0001 |
| Pregnancy Characteristics | |||
| Intrapartum infection | 37 (10.2%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.92 |
| Diabetes | 42 (11.5%) | 6 (12.8 %) | 0.80 |
| Gestational Hypertension | 45 (12.4%) | 4 (8.5%) | 0.44 |
| IUGR | 31 (8.5%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.63 |
| Prenatal Tobacco Use | 31 (8.5%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0.31 |
| Intrapartum Complications | |||
| Nuchal Cord | 31 (8.5%) | 12 (25.5%) | 0.0003 |
| MSAF | 63 (17.3%) | 17 (36.2%) | 0.002 |
| Severe Bleeding | 12 (3.3%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0.29 |
| Shoulder Dystocia | 6 (1.6%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0.04 |
| Postpartum Factors | |||
| NT drug exposure** | 266 (73.1%) | 41 (87.2%) | 0.03 |
| Fluid overload ǂ | 101 (27.7%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.003 |
| Bacteremia/meningitisǂǂ | 15 (4.1%) | 1 (2%) | 0.51 |
Data are n (%), mean (SD), median (IQR).
Outborn indicates infant born outside the admitting NICU (including home births, birth centers, and lower-acuity facilities).
NT drug exposure = nephrotoxic drug exposure within first 7 days (gentamicin, vancomycin, furosemide, indomethacin)
Fluid overload defined as weight > 5% above birth weight at any point in.first 7 days of life
Denotes culture-positive bacteremia or meningitis within the first 7 days of life.
AKI = acute kidney injury; wks = weeks; g = grams; cm = centimeters; °C degrees Celsius; IUGR = intrauterine growth restriction; MSAF = Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid