Table 4. Share of ACEs-related health costs and health burden due to risk factors.
| # ACEs | % ACEs Association due to Risk Factors a | Healthcare Spending Associated w Risk Factors ($2017) | DALYs Associated w Risk Factors (years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health Risk Factors | |||
| Heavy Drinking | |||
| 1 | 100% | 41,605,749 | |
| 2–3 | 100% | 64,659,817 | |
| 4+ | 100% | 62,504,490 | |
| ACEs Exposure | 168,770,056 | ||
| Lifetime Smoking | |||
| 1 | 100% | 517,126 | |
| 2–3 | 100% | 809,624 | |
| 4+ | 100% | 813,105 | |
| ACEs Exposure | 2,139,855 | ||
| Obesity | |||
| 1 | 100% | 4,753,194 | |
| 2–3 | 100% | 13,980,454 | |
| 4+ | 100% | 20,881,178 | |
| ACEs Exposure | 39,614,826 | ||
| Health Conditions | |||
| Arthritis | |||
| 1 | 11.41% | 20,873,278 | 270 |
| 2–3 | 20.51% | 52,649,662 | 682 |
| 4+ | 17.58% | 47,262,804 | 612 |
| Any ACEs | 120,785,743 | 1,565 | |
| Asthma | |||
| 1 | 9.30% | 7,022,368 | 154 |
| 2–3 | 9.85% | 14,760,726 | 324 |
| 4+ | 11.14% | 19,589,958 | 430 |
| Any ACEs | 41,373,052 | 908 | |
| COPD | |||
| 1 | 12.38% | 72,368,890 | 4,213 |
| 2–3 | 13.56% | 107,303,701 | 6,246 |
| 4+ | 25.03% | 136,415,011 | 7,941 |
| ACEs Exposure | 316,087,602 | 18,400 | |
| CVD | |||
| 1 | 18.03% | 171,210,323 | 8,469 |
| 2–3 | 15.67% | 268,409,395 | 13,277 |
| 4+ | 20.87% | 370,815,971 | 18,343 |
| ACEs Exposure | 810,435,689 | 40,089 | |
| Depression | |||
| 1 | 3.43% | 24,999,558 | 762 |
| 2–3 | 3.39% | 38,825,659 | 1,183 |
| 4+ | 6.95% | 63,386,726 | 1,932 |
| ACEs Exposure | 127,211,943 | 3,877 | |
| All Outcomes | 1,626,418,766 | 64,839 |
a % difference between columns (1) and (4); (2) and (5); and (3) and (6) in S1 Table for 1 ACE, 2–3 ACEs and 4+ ACEs respectively.