Table 1. Sample characteristics by ACEs exposure (2009–2012 BRFSS).
| All | 0 ACEs | 1 ACE | 2–3 ACEs | 4 to 8 ACEs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 110,076 | 46,210 | 25,604 | 23,627 | 14,635 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 43,860 (48.4%) | 49.1% | 50.9%* | 48.9% | 42.2%* |
| Female | 66,216 (51.6%) | 50.9% | 49.1%** | 51.1% | 57.8%** |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 89,678 (78.5%) | 81.1% | 78.7%** | 76.3%** | 75.2%** |
| Black | 8,238 (9.5%) | 7.9% | 10.1%** | 10.9%** | 10.4%** |
| Hispanic | 3,481 (5.1%) | 4.0% | 5.0%* | 6.4%** | 6.0%** |
| Other | 8,679 (6.9%) | 6.9% | 6.2% | 6.5% | 8.4%** |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 18–24 | 4,429 (11.6%) | 9.3% | 11.4%** | 13.0%** | 15.7%** |
| 25–34 | 9,734 (16.9%) | 13.3% | 16.5%** | 19.1%** | 23.2%** |
| 35–44 | 14,003 (18.0%) | 14.7% | 18.0%** | 18.8%** | 21.6%** |
| 45–54 | 21,041 (19.5%) | 18.4% | 19.9%** | 20.4%** | 20.4%** |
| 55–64 | 25,969 (16.3%) | 17.8% | 16.4%** | 15.9%** | 12.8%** |
| 65+ | 34,900 (18.2%) | 26.5% | 17.8%** | 12.8%** | 6.4%** |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married | 60,197 (56.3%) | 62.1% | 56.6%** | 52.9%** | 46.5%** |
| Separated/Widowe d/Divorced | 31,923 (18.5%) | 18.5% | 17.4%** | 18.4% | 20.3%** |
| Single | 17,956 (25.2%) | 19.3% | 26.1%** | 28.7%** | 33.2%** |
| Education | |||||
| < High School | 8,337 (10.9%) | 9.4% | 9.9% | 11.3%** | 15.3%** |
| HS/GED | 31,821 (30.2%) | 29.9% | 29.9% | 30.3% | 31.2% |
| Some Post- Secondary | 30,697 (31.4%) | 29.5% | 30.9%* | 32.1%** | 35.6%** |
| College Degree | 39,221 (27.6%) | 31.1% | 29.2%** | 26.3%** | 18.0%** |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 56,706 (58.3%) | 55.9% | 60.1%** | 61.2%** | 57.4% |
| Unemployed | 5,910 (7.2%) | 4.2% | 6.9%** | 8.7%** | 13.0%** |
| Out of Labor Force | 47,460 (34.5%) | 39.9% | 33.1%** | 30.2%** | 29.6%** |
*p ≤ .05
**p ≤ .01