Table 1. Results of human and animal samples subjected to stable isotope analysis and quality indicators of protein extraction procedure were reported.
Human samples | ||||||||||
Sample code | Examined | Sex | Age at death | δ13C, ‰ | δ15N, ‰ | %C | %N | C:N | % Protein yield | |
bone | ||||||||||
1 | NS SU 14 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.4 | 8.0 | 41.6 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 9 |
2 | NS SU 89 Aa | Rib | M | >50 | -19.2 | 9.5 | 42.4 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 13 |
3 | NS SU 89 Sc | Metatarsal | IND | 13–17 | -19.1 | 10.2 | 41.4 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 6 |
4 | NS SU 93 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.2 | 9.8 | 42.2 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 5 |
5 | NS SU 95 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.2 | 10.3 | 53.3 | 19.1 | 3.3 | 7 |
6 | NS SU 99 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.0 | 8.9 | 42.4 | 15.1 | 3.3 | 5 |
7 | NS SU 104 Ab | Radius | M | 31–40 | -19.7 | 8.3 | 42.4 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 13 |
8 | NS SU 104 Sa | Rib | IND | 7–12 | -19.4 | 9.3 | 43.6 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 11 |
9 | NS SU 124 Aa | Rib | M | 31–40 | -16.8 | 10.4 | 42.1 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 6 |
10 | NS SU 126 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -19.2 | 8.5 | 52.0 | 18.4 | 3.3 | 5 |
11 | NS SU 135 | Metacarpal | M | >50 | -19.3 | 9.6 | 38.6 | 14.2 | 3.2 | 13 |
12 | NS SU 137 Aa | Humerus | M | 31–40 | -19.5 | 8.1 | 43.8 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 13 |
13 | NS SU 137 Ab | Humerus | M | 18–30 | -18.8 | 7.3 | 42.6 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 8 |
14 | NS SU 138 Ab | Rib | F | 41–50 | -19.2 | 9.6 | 41.9 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 7 |
15 | NS SU 139 Ab | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.6 | 6.7 | 43.3 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 4 |
16 | NS SU 140 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.1 | 9.6 | 46.8 | 17.0 | 3.2 | 6 |
17 | NS SU 150 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -18.4 | 9.9 | 42.0 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 5 |
18 | NS SU 151 Aa | Rib | M | 18–30 | -18.8 | 8.0 | 42.3 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 7 |
19 | NS SU 155 | Rib | F | 31–40 | -19.0 | 10.5 | 45.1 | 16.6 | 3.2 | 17 |
20 | NS SU 157 Aa | Rib | F | 31–40 | -19.0 | 9.4 | 42.4 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 10 |
21 | NS SU 158 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.9 | 7.7 | 43.1 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 6 |
22 | NS SU 163 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.3 | 9.1 | 42.3 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 5 |
23 | NS SU 164 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.0 | 9.1 | 42.4 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 7 |
24 | NS SU 165 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.3 | 6.8 | 43.4 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 2 |
25 | NS SU 171 | Rib | M | GA | -19.4 | 10.5 | 42.9 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 4 |
26 | NS SU 192 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.8 | 10.3 | 42.7 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 9 |
27 | NS SU 193 Aa | Rib | F | 31–40 | -19.0 | 9.4 | 43.8 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 8 |
28 | NS SU 196 Aa | Radius | F | 41–50 | -19.1 | 9.2 | 43.9 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 7 |
29 | NS SU 196 Ab | Radius | M | 18–30 | -19.8 | 10.3 | 42.1 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 6 |
30 | NS SU 200 Aa | Metatarsal | M | GA | -19.0 | 10.1 | 42.0 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 10 |
31 | NS SU 206 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.3 | 8.3 | 43.4 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 9 |
32 | NS SU 207 | Tibia | M | GA | -19.3 | 9.7 | 43.9 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 7 |
33 | NS SU 210 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.1 | 8.7 | 40.7 | 14.8 | 3.2 | 9 |
34 | NS SU 215 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.7 | 6.7 | 43.2 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 6 |
35 | NS SU 216 | Femur | M | 31–40 | -18.7 | 9.6 | 42.3 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 7 |
36 | NS SU 217 Aa | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.0 | 9.5 | 44.6 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 11 |
37 | NS SU 224 | Rib | M | 41–50 | -19.2 | 10.8 | 42.0 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 6 |
38 | NS SU 225 Sa | Rib | IND | 13–17 | -19.1 | 9.3 | 41.6 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 6 |
39 | NS SU 227 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.9 | 9.7 | 41.4 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 5 |
40 | NS SU 230 | Rib | IND | 7–12 | -19.0 | 10.1 | 43.9 | 16.1 | 3.2 | 8 |
41 | NS SU 231 | Humerus | M | 31–40 | -18.9 | 10.4 | 43.1 | 15.4 | 3.3 | 2 |
42 | NS SU 235 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.2 | 8.8 | 42.5 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 9 |
43 | NS SU 237 Aa | Tibia | M | 41–50 | -19.1 | 8.5 | 43.4 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 11 |
44 | NS SU 238 Aa | Rib | F | 41–50 | -19.3 | 8.8 | 41.9 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 4 |
45 | NS SU 240 Aa | Humerus | M | 18–30 | -19.1 | 9.6 | 41.9 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 8 |
46 | NS SU 240 Ab | Humerus | F | GA | -18.9 | 8.9 | 43.2 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 3 |
47 | NS SU 241 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.9 | 9.0 | 42.3 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 10 |
48 | NS SU 248 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.3 | 10.1 | 39.1 | 14.3 | 3.2 | 8 |
49 | NS SU 285 Aa | Femur | F | 31–40 | -18.0 | 9.4 | 43.7 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 4 |
50 | NS SU 286 Aa | Rib | M | 41–50 | -19.1 | 8.9 | 43.5 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 12 |
51 | NS SU 287 Aa | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.6 | 7.7 | 44.3 | 16.1 | 3.2 | 19 |
52 | NS SU 289 | Rib | M | 41–50 | -18.8 | 10.8 | 43.2 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 8 |
53 | NS SU 292 Aa | Metatarsal | M | >50 | -19.1 | 8.4 | 42.7 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 11 |
54 | NS SU 293–306 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.5 | 9.6 | 42.9 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 13 |
55 | NS SU 295 Aa | Femur | M | 41–50 | -19.7 | 7.6 | 42.8 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 12 |
56 | NS SU 295 Ab | Femur | M | GA | -18.9 | 7.7 | 40.3 | 14.9 | 3.2 | 11 |
57 | NS SU 299 Sa | Rib | IND | 1–6 | -19.3 | 10.1 | 44.7 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 14 |
58 | NS SU 304 Ac | Rib | M | 18–30 | -18.5 | 10.3 | 42.0 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 43 |
59 | NS SU 307 | Rib | F | 31–40 | -18.7 | 9.4 | 40.2 | 14.6 | 3.2 | 5 |
60 | NS SU 308 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.4 | 7.7 | 43.9 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 21 |
61 | NS SU 309 Aa | Rib | F | 41–50 | -18.3 | 10.5 | 43.0 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 9 |
62 | NS SU 310 Aa | Rib | F | 31–40 | -18.8 | 8.6 | 43.5 | 15.6 | 3.3 | 10 |
63 | NS SU 317 Aa | Rib | M | >50 | -18.8 | 10.1 | 43.7 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 14 |
64 | NS SU 318 Aa | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.2 | 9.2 | 41.9 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 5 |
65 | NS SU 319 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.8 | 9.2 | 42.2 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 11 |
66 | NS SU 321 | Rib | M | >50 | -18.1 | 11.3 | 43.5 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 4 |
67 | NS SU 322 | Rib | F | 31–40 | -19.1 | 8.7 | 44.7 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 9 |
68 | NS SU 326 Aa | Rib | F | 31–40 | -19.3 | 8.5 | 54.7 | 19.6 | 3.2 | 8 |
69 | NS SU 327 Sa | Rib | F | 13–17 | -19.2 | 10.1 | 40.7 | 14.9 | 3.2 | 13 |
70 | NS SU 331 Aa | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.8 | 9.8 | 41.3 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 14 |
71 | NS SU 336 Aa | Rib | M | 31–40 | -19.3 | 7.8 | 43.3 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 9 |
72 | NS SU 341 Aa | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.2 | 9.6 | 41.5 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 13 |
73 | NS SU 346 Ab | Femur | F | 41–50 | -19.4 | 9.1 | 43.0 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 12 |
74 | NS SU 347 Ab | Rib | ND | 18–30 | -18.7 | 9.4 | 44.7 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 10 |
75 | NS SU 352 Aa | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.3 | 9.7 | 43.7 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 7 |
76 | NS SU 354 Aa | Femur | M | GA | -18.9 | 9.6 | 39.9 | 14.5 | 3.2 | 8 |
77 | PR I SU 3 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.8 | 10.8 | 44.1 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 4 |
78 | PR I SU 4 Aa | Rib | F | 31–40 | -18.7 | 9.7 | 44.6 | 16.5 | 3.2 | 3 |
79 | PR I SU 5 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -18.8 | 8.1 | 42.2 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 5 |
80 | PR I SU 6 | Rib | F | 31–40 | -18.7 | 10.7 | 49.3 | 18.1 | 3.2 | 4 |
81 | PR I SU 7 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.0 | 9.1 | 56.3 | 20.8 | 3.2 | 4 |
82 | PR I SU 16 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -19.1 | 10.4 | 52.8 | 19.5 | 3.2 | 4 |
83 | PR I SU 17 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -19.3 | 10.1 | 43.4 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 7 |
84 | PR I SU 20 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -18.8 | 9.6 | 43.6 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 5 |
85 | PR I SU 37 | Rib | F | 18–30 | -18.8 | 9.7 | 46.9 | 17.2 | 3.2 | 5 |
86 | PR I SU 57 | Rib | F | 41–50 | -19.2 | 8.6 | 48.4 | 17.6 | 3.2 | 4 |
87 | PR I SU 58 | Rib | F | 31–40 | -18.5 | 7.8 | 46.5 | 17.1 | 3.2 | 3 |
88 | PR II SU 60 Aa | Rib | F | 41–50 | -19.1 | 9.1 | 45.8 | 16.7 | 3.2 | 9 |
89 | PR II SU 66 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -18.8 | 10.6 | 44.8 | 16.5 | 3.2 | 6 |
90 | PR II SU 67 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -18.6 | 10.2 | 44.1 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 4 |
91 | PR I SU 106 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -19.2 | 7.0 | 44.6 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 5 |
92 | PR II SU 112 | Skull | M | 41–50 | -18.6 | 11.4 | 43.9 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 4 |
93 | PR I SU 117 | Metatarsal | F | GA | -19.7 | 9.5 | 43.5 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 4 |
94 | PR II SU 120 | Rib | ND | 18–30 | -18.7 | 7.2 | 42.1 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 5 |
95 | PR I SU 122 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -17.9 | 7.8 | 44.5 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 4 |
96 | PR I SU 123 | Femur | IND | 13–17 | -19.3 | 10.8 | 42.8 | 15.5 | 3.2 | 7 |
97 | PR I SU 124 Aa | Fibula | M | GA | -19.5 | 8.7 | 41.2 | 14.9 | 3.2 | 6 |
98 | PR I SU 124 Ab | Fibula | ND | GA | -19.2 | 10.0 | 42.7 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 12 |
99 | PR I SU 125 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -19.0 | 10.5 | 44.8 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 6 |
100 | PR I SU 126 | Metatarsal | F | GA | -19.3 | 9.3 | 44.5 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 4 |
101 | PR I SU 128 Aa | Metatarsal | M | GA | -19.0 | 10.2 | 43.5 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 3 |
102 | PR I SU 129 Aa | Fibula | F | GA | -18.5 | 9.0 | 43.8 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 7 |
103 | PR I SU 130 | Fibula | M | GA | -19.4 | 10.0 | 44.7 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 7 |
104 | PR II SU 133 Aa | Metatarsal | F | GA | -18.9 | 10.7 | 44.8 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 5 |
105 | PR II SU 135 | Metatarsal | IND | 13–17 | -18.6 | 7.7 | 41.6 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 7 |
106 | PR II SU 141 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -18.9 | 10.6 | 44.5 | 16.5 | 3.1 | 7 |
107 | PR II SU 144 Aa | Tibia | F | GA | -17.7 | 8.1 | 42.9 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 9 |
108 | PR II SU 144 Ab | Tibia | M | GA | -19.2 | 10.2 | 42.3 | 15.4 | 3.2 | 7 |
109 | PR II SU 147 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -18.9 | 8.5 | 43.6 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 7 |
110 | PR I SU 148 Aa | Tibia | F | GA | -19.0 | 7.2 | 42.6 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 16 |
111 | PR I SU 151 | Metatarsal | M | GA | -17.8 | 8.0 | 43.6 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 7 |
112 | PR I SU 152 | Metatarsal | F | GA | -18.8 | 10.7 | 43 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 4 |
113 | PR II SU 173 | Metatarsal | ND | 18–30 | -19.3 | 9.3 | 41 | 15.0 | 3.2 | 6 |
114 | PR III SU 236 | Rib | M | 31–40 | -19.3 | 9.0 | 46 | 16.7 | 3.2 | 4 |
115 | PR III SU 247 | Rib | M | 41–50 | -18.4 | 10.8 | 45.7 | 16.5 | 3.2 | 3 |
116 | PR III SU 257 | Rib | M | 18–30 | -19.1 | 9.3 | 42.5 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 4 |
117 | PR II SU 262 Aa | Tibia | M | GA | -17.5 | 9.9 | 43.4 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 10 |
118 | PR II SU 267 Aa | Rib | F | GA | -19.1 | 10.3 | 41.6 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 14 |
119 | PR II SU 267 Sb | Femur | F | 18–30 | -19.2 | 8.8 | 43.7 | 16.0 | 3.2 | 10 |
120 | PR IV SU 298 | Tibia | M | GA | -18.5 | 7.1 | 41.6 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 14 |
Faunal samples | ||||||||||
Sample code | Classification | δ13C, ‰ | δ15N, ‰ | %C | %N | C:N | % Protein yield | |||
1 | SS-BOS 1 | Bos sp. | -19.1 | 6.2 | 42.9 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 10 | ||
2 | SS-BOS 2 | Bos sp. | -19.9 | 7.7 | 41.7 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 15 | ||
3 | SS-BOS3 | Bos sp. | -20.2 | 7.7 | 50.7 | 18.4 | 3.2 | 8 | ||
4 | SS-BOS 4 | Bos sp. | -18.8 | 6.9 | 41.4 | 15.0 | 3.2 | 10 | ||
5 | SS-BOS 5 | Bos sp. | -20.9 | 5.1 | 44.3 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 4 | ||
6 | NS SU 301 B | Bos sp. | -21.2 | 6.9 | 40.4 | 14.9 | 3.2 | 15 | ||
7 | SS-BUFF | Bubalus sp. | -18.4 | 8.6 | 42.6 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 7 | ||
8 | SS-HORSE | Equus sp. | -20.2 | 5.6 | 53.0 | 19.1 | 3.2 | 7 | ||
9 | SS-OVIS 1 | Ovis sp. | -21.2 | 6.4 | 42.6 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 14 | ||
10 | SS-OVIS 2 | Ovis sp. | -20.1 | 7.1 | 42.0 | 15.1 | 3.3 | 11 | ||
11 | SS.OVIS 3 | Ovis sp. | -21.6 | 4.9 | 42.0 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 11 | ||
12 | SS-OVIS 4 | Ovis sp. | -20.4 | 4.8 | 45.1 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 9 | ||
13 | SS-OVIS 5 | Ovis sp. | -20.6 | 6.3 | 47.1 | 16.9 | 3.3 | 7 | ||
14 | NS US 72 | Ovis sp. | -21.2 | 5.2 | 33.5 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 38 | ||
15 | SS-CERVUS 1 | Cervus sp. | -21.2 | 4.4 | 42.0 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 18 | ||
16 | SS-CERVUS 2 | Cervus sp. | -20.8 | 4.3 | 42.8 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 9 | ||
17 | SS-GALLUS 1 | Gallus sp. | -19.6 | 10.6 | 50.7 | 18.4 | 3.2 | 4 | ||
18 | SS-GALLUS 2 | Gallus sp. | -19.7 | 9.1 | 69.8 | 25.1 | 3.2 | 11 | ||
19 | SS-GALLUS 3 | Gallus sp. | -19.5 | 7.8 | 47.1 | 17.1 | 3.2 | 9 | ||
20 | SS-GALLUS 4 | Gallus sp. | -19.6 | 8.7 | 47.4 | 17.3 | 3.2 | 7 | ||
21 | SS-SUS 1 | Sus sp. | -20.5 | 5.2 | 41.9 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 15 | ||
22 | SS-SUS 2 | Sus sp. | -19.9 | 8.1 | 41.8 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 16 | ||
23 | SS-SUS 3 | Sus sp. | -20.8 | 6.7 | 48.9 | 17.7 | 3.2 | 10 | ||
24 | SS-SUS 4 | Sus sp. | -19.9 | 6.1 | 44.4 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 8 | ||
25 | SS-SUS 5 | Sus sp. | -20.9 | 6.0 | 61.6 | 22.8 | 3.2 | 10 | ||
26 | SS-WBOAR | Sus scrofa | -19.8 | 8.2 | 43.0 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 9 | ||
27 | SS-DOG 1 | Canis sp. | -19 | 9.1 | 41.5 | 14.9 | 3.3 | 3 | ||
28 | SS-DOG 2 | Canis sp. | -17.8 | 9.9 | 44.5 | 16.3 | 3.2 | 8 | ||
29 | SS-CAT | Felis sp. | -19.2 | 9.5 | 47.3 | 17.4 | 3.2 | 13 | ||
30 | TVG-S-FISH 3 | Pisces | -7.9 | 9.8 | 49.7 | 18.6 | 3.1 | 10 | ||
31 | TVG-S-FISH 5 | Pisces | -9.8 | 11.4 | 47.4 | 17.8 | 3.1 | 13 | ||
32 | TVG-S-FISH 7 | Pisces | -9.6 | 11.5 | 50.2 | 18.7 | 3.1 | 10 | ||
33 | TVG-SS-S FISH 8 | Pisces | -9.8 | 12.2 | 42.1 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 3 | ||
34 | TVG-SS-S FISH 9 | Pisces | -9.8 | 11.2 | 44.5 | 16.4 | 3.2 | 8 | ||
35 | TVG-S-TUNA | Thunnus sp. | -13.8 | 13.3 | 55.3 | 17.9 | 3.6 | 8 | ||
36 | SSF1 | Pisces | -19.8 | 7.6 | 42.9 | 15.6 | 3.2 | 14 | ||
37 | SSF2 | Galeorhinus sp. | -12.0 | 13.9 | 41.9 | 14.8 | 3.3 | 11 | ||
38 | SSF3 | Sparidae | -8.8 | 10.7 | 43.9 | 16.5 | 3.2 | 8 | ||
39 | SSF4 | Sparidae | -9.3 | 10.4 | 42.9 | 16.1 | 3.1 | 9 | ||
40 | SSF5 | Labrus sp. | -10.3 | 10.1 | 43.1 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 5 | ||
41 | SSF6 | Sparus sp. | -7.3 | 9.7 | 41.7 | 15.3 | 3.2 | 2 |