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. 2020 Jan 28;15(1):e0227433. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227433

Table 1. Results of human and animal samples subjected to stable isotope analysis and quality indicators of protein extraction procedure were reported.

For each human sample, the examined bone and the biological information were provided. Faunal samples were classified at genus level (Sus scrofa: species; Pisces: not identified fish; Sparidae: family level). The specimens excluded from the present study were highlighted in red. For sex assessment, M indicates males, F indicates females, ND was used for not determined individuals (sex determination was impossible for the lack of diagnostic elements due to their poor state of preservation), while IND was applied to indeterminate individuals (non-adults whose sex was impossible to determine because of their sexual immaturity). GAs (generic adults) were the individuals whose age at death was impossible to determine for the lack of diagnostic elements due to their poor preservation state.

Human samples
Sample code Examined Sex Age at death δ13C, ‰ δ15N, ‰ %C %N C:N % Protein yield
bone
1 NS SU 14 Aa Rib F 18–30 -19.4 8.0 41.6 15.3 3.2 9
2 NS SU 89 Aa Rib M >50 -19.2 9.5 42.4 15.7 3.2 13
3 NS SU 89 Sc Metatarsal IND 13–17 -19.1 10.2 41.4 15.2 3.2 6
4 NS SU 93 Rib M 18–30 -19.2 9.8 42.2 15.3 3.2 5
5 NS SU 95 Aa Rib F 18–30 -19.2 10.3 53.3 19.1 3.3 7
6 NS SU 99 Rib F 18–30 -19.0 8.9 42.4 15.1 3.3 5
7 NS SU 104 Ab Radius M 31–40 -19.7 8.3 42.4 15.6 3.2 13
8 NS SU 104 Sa Rib IND 7–12 -19.4 9.3 43.6 16.0 3.2 11
9 NS SU 124 Aa Rib M 31–40 -16.8 10.4 42.1 15.4 3.2 6
10 NS SU 126 Rib M 31–40 -19.2 8.5 52.0 18.4 3.3 5
11 NS SU 135 Metacarpal M >50 -19.3 9.6 38.6 14.2 3.2 13
12 NS SU 137 Aa Humerus M 31–40 -19.5 8.1 43.8 16.0 3.2 13
13 NS SU 137 Ab Humerus M 18–30 -18.8 7.3 42.6 15.5 3.2 8
14 NS SU 138 Ab Rib F 41–50 -19.2 9.6 41.9 15.4 3.2 7
15 NS SU 139 Ab Rib M 18–30 -19.6 6.7 43.3 15.7 3.2 4
16 NS SU 140 Rib F 18–30 -19.1 9.6 46.8 17.0 3.2 6
17 NS SU 150 Rib M 18–30 -18.4 9.9 42.0 15.2 3.2 5
18 NS SU 151 Aa Rib M 18–30 -18.8 8.0 42.3 15.3 3.2 7
19 NS SU 155 Rib F 31–40 -19.0 10.5 45.1 16.6 3.2 17
20 NS SU 157 Aa Rib F 31–40 -19.0 9.4 42.4 15.6 3.2 10
21 NS SU 158 Aa Rib F 18–30 -18.9 7.7 43.1 15.6 3.2 6
22 NS SU 163 Aa Rib F 18–30 -18.3 9.1 42.3 15.3 3.2 5
23 NS SU 164 Aa Rib F 18–30 -18.0 9.1 42.4 15.4 3.2 7
24 NS SU 165 Rib M 18–30 -19.3 6.8 43.4 15.7 3.2 2
25 NS SU 171 Rib M GA -19.4 10.5 42.9 15.6 3.2 4
26 NS SU 192 Rib M 31–40 -18.8 10.3 42.7 15.5 3.2 9
27 NS SU 193 Aa Rib F 31–40 -19.0 9.4 43.8 15.8 3.2 8
28 NS SU 196 Aa Radius F 41–50 -19.1 9.2 43.9 15.9 3.2 7
29 NS SU 196 Ab Radius M 18–30 -19.8 10.3 42.1 15.2 3.2 6
30 NS SU 200 Aa Metatarsal M GA -19.0 10.1 42.0 15.5 3.2 10
31 NS SU 206 Rib M 18–30 -19.3 8.3 43.4 15.8 3.2 9
32 NS SU 207 Tibia M GA -19.3 9.7 43.9 16.0 3.2 7
33 NS SU 210 Rib M 18–30 -19.1 8.7 40.7 14.8 3.2 9
34 NS SU 215 Rib F 18–30 -19.7 6.7 43.2 15.5 3.2 6
35 NS SU 216 Femur M 31–40 -18.7 9.6 42.3 15.4 3.2 7
36 NS SU 217 Aa Rib M 18–30 -19.0 9.5 44.6 16.3 3.2 11
37 NS SU 224 Rib M 41–50 -19.2 10.8 42.0 15.3 3.2 6
38 NS SU 225 Sa Rib IND 13–17 -19.1 9.3 41.6 15.2 3.2 6
39 NS SU 227 Rib M 31–40 -18.9 9.7 41.4 15.2 3.2 5
40 NS SU 230 Rib IND 7–12 -19.0 10.1 43.9 16.1 3.2 8
41 NS SU 231 Humerus M 31–40 -18.9 10.4 43.1 15.4 3.3 2
42 NS SU 235 Rib M 18–30 -19.2 8.8 42.5 15.3 3.2 9
43 NS SU 237 Aa Tibia M 41–50 -19.1 8.5 43.4 15.8 3.2 11
44 NS SU 238 Aa Rib F 41–50 -19.3 8.8 41.9 15.4 3.2 4
45 NS SU 240 Aa Humerus M 18–30 -19.1 9.6 41.9 15.1 3.2 8
46 NS SU 240 Ab Humerus F GA -18.9 8.9 43.2 15.6 3.2 3
47 NS SU 241 Rib M 31–40 -18.9 9.0 42.3 15.5 3.2 10
48 NS SU 248 Rib M 18–30 -19.3 10.1 39.1 14.3 3.2 8
49 NS SU 285 Aa Femur F 31–40 -18.0 9.4 43.7 15.8 3.2 4
50 NS SU 286 Aa Rib M 41–50 -19.1 8.9 43.5 16.0 3.2 12
51 NS SU 287 Aa Rib M 31–40 -18.6 7.7 44.3 16.1 3.2 19
52 NS SU 289 Rib M 41–50 -18.8 10.8 43.2 15.8 3.2 8
53 NS SU 292 Aa Metatarsal M >50 -19.1 8.4 42.7 15.8 3.2 11
54 NS SU 293–306 Rib M 18–30 -19.5 9.6 42.9 15.6 3.2 13
55 NS SU 295 Aa Femur M 41–50 -19.7 7.6 42.8 15.6 3.2 12
56 NS SU 295 Ab Femur M GA -18.9 7.7 40.3 14.9 3.2 11
57 NS SU 299 Sa Rib IND 1–6 -19.3 10.1 44.7 16.4 3.2 14
58 NS SU 304 Ac Rib M 18–30 -18.5 10.3 42.0 15.5 3.2 43
59 NS SU 307 Rib F 31–40 -18.7 9.4 40.2 14.6 3.2 5
60 NS SU 308 Rib F 18–30 -19.4 7.7 43.9 16.0 3.2 21
61 NS SU 309 Aa Rib F 41–50 -18.3 10.5 43.0 15.8 3.2 9
62 NS SU 310 Aa Rib F 31–40 -18.8 8.6 43.5 15.6 3.3 10
63 NS SU 317 Aa Rib M >50 -18.8 10.1 43.7 15.9 3.2 14
64 NS SU 318 Aa Rib M 18–30 -19.2 9.2 41.9 15.4 3.2 5
65 NS SU 319 Rib F 18–30 -18.8 9.2 42.2 15.4 3.2 11
66 NS SU 321 Rib M >50 -18.1 11.3 43.5 15.6 3.2 4
67 NS SU 322 Rib F 31–40 -19.1 8.7 44.7 16.2 3.2 9
68 NS SU 326 Aa Rib F 31–40 -19.3 8.5 54.7 19.6 3.2 8
69 NS SU 327 Sa Rib F 13–17 -19.2 10.1 40.7 14.9 3.2 13
70 NS SU 331 Aa Rib M 31–40 -18.8 9.8 41.3 15.1 3.2 14
71 NS SU 336 Aa Rib M 31–40 -19.3 7.8 43.3 15.8 3.2 9
72 NS SU 341 Aa Rib M 18–30 -19.2 9.6 41.5 15.3 3.2 13
73 NS SU 346 Ab Femur F 41–50 -19.4 9.1 43.0 15.6 3.2 12
74 NS SU 347 Ab Rib ND 18–30 -18.7 9.4 44.7 16.4 3.2 10
75 NS SU 352 Aa Rib F 18–30 -19.3 9.7 43.7 15.9 3.2 7
76 NS SU 354 Aa Femur M GA -18.9 9.6 39.9 14.5 3.2 8
77 PR I SU 3 Rib F 18–30 -18.8 10.8 44.1 16.2 3.2 4
78 PR I SU 4 Aa Rib F 31–40 -18.7 9.7 44.6 16.5 3.2 3
79 PR I SU 5 Rib M 31–40 -18.8 8.1 42.2 15.4 3.2 5
80 PR I SU 6 Rib F 31–40 -18.7 10.7 49.3 18.1 3.2 4
81 PR I SU 7 Rib M 18–30 -19.0 9.1 56.3 20.8 3.2 4
82 PR I SU 16 Rib F 18–30 -19.1 10.4 52.8 19.5 3.2 4
83 PR I SU 17 Metatarsal M GA -19.3 10.1 43.4 15.8 3.2 7
84 PR I SU 20 Rib M 18–30 -18.8 9.6 43.6 15.9 3.2 5
85 PR I SU 37 Rib F 18–30 -18.8 9.7 46.9 17.2 3.2 5
86 PR I SU 57 Rib F 41–50 -19.2 8.6 48.4 17.6 3.2 4
87 PR I SU 58 Rib F 31–40 -18.5 7.8 46.5 17.1 3.2 3
88 PR II SU 60 Aa Rib F 41–50 -19.1 9.1 45.8 16.7 3.2 9
89 PR II SU 66 Metatarsal M GA -18.8 10.6 44.8 16.5 3.2 6
90 PR II SU 67 Metatarsal M GA -18.6 10.2 44.1 16.3 3.2 4
91 PR I SU 106 Metatarsal M GA -19.2 7.0 44.6 16.2 3.2 5
92 PR II SU 112 Skull M 41–50 -18.6 11.4 43.9 15.9 3.2 4
93 PR I SU 117 Metatarsal F GA -19.7 9.5 43.5 15.9 3.2 4
94 PR II SU 120 Rib ND 18–30 -18.7 7.2 42.1 15.3 3.2 5
95 PR I SU 122 Metatarsal M GA -17.9 7.8 44.5 16.4 3.2 4
96 PR I SU 123 Femur IND 13–17 -19.3 10.8 42.8 15.5 3.2 7
97 PR I SU 124 Aa Fibula M GA -19.5 8.7 41.2 14.9 3.2 6
98 PR I SU 124 Ab Fibula ND GA -19.2 10.0 42.7 15.6 3.2 12
99 PR I SU 125 Metatarsal M GA -19.0 10.5 44.8 16.4 3.2 6
100 PR I SU 126 Metatarsal F GA -19.3 9.3 44.5 16.4 3.2 4
101 PR I SU 128 Aa Metatarsal M GA -19.0 10.2 43.5 15.9 3.2 3
102 PR I SU 129 Aa Fibula F GA -18.5 9.0 43.8 16.2 3.2 7
103 PR I SU 130 Fibula M GA -19.4 10.0 44.7 16.3 3.2 7
104 PR II SU 133 Aa Metatarsal F GA -18.9 10.7 44.8 16.4 3.2 5
105 PR II SU 135 Metatarsal IND 13–17 -18.6 7.7 41.6 15.2 3.2 7
106 PR II SU 141 Metatarsal M GA -18.9 10.6 44.5 16.5 3.1 7
107 PR II SU 144 Aa Tibia F GA -17.7 8.1 42.9 15.7 3.2 9
108 PR II SU 144 Ab Tibia M GA -19.2 10.2 42.3 15.4 3.2 7
109 PR II SU 147 Metatarsal M GA -18.9 8.5 43.6 16.0 3.2 7
110 PR I SU 148 Aa Tibia F GA -19.0 7.2 42.6 15.8 3.2 16
111 PR I SU 151 Metatarsal M GA -17.8 8.0 43.6 16.0 3.2 7
112 PR I SU 152 Metatarsal F GA -18.8 10.7 43 15.8 3.2 4
113 PR II SU 173 Metatarsal ND 18–30 -19.3 9.3 41 15.0 3.2 6
114 PR III SU 236 Rib M 31–40 -19.3 9.0 46 16.7 3.2 4
115 PR III SU 247 Rib M 41–50 -18.4 10.8 45.7 16.5 3.2 3
116 PR III SU 257 Rib M 18–30 -19.1 9.3 42.5 15.3 3.2 4
117 PR II SU 262 Aa Tibia M GA -17.5 9.9 43.4 15.9 3.2 10
118 PR II SU 267 Aa Rib F GA -19.1 10.3 41.6 15.2 3.2 14
119 PR II SU 267 Sb Femur F 18–30 -19.2 8.8 43.7 16.0 3.2 10
120 PR IV SU 298 Tibia M GA -18.5 7.1 41.6 15.2 3.2 14
Faunal samples
Sample code Classification δ13C, ‰ δ15N, ‰ %C %N C:N % Protein yield
1 SS-BOS 1 Bos sp. -19.1 6.2 42.9 15.8 3.2 10
2 SS-BOS 2 Bos sp. -19.9 7.7 41.7 15.2 3.2 15
3 SS-BOS3 Bos sp. -20.2 7.7 50.7 18.4 3.2 8
4 SS-BOS 4 Bos sp. -18.8 6.9 41.4 15.0 3.2 10
5 SS-BOS 5 Bos sp. -20.9 5.1 44.3 16.3 3.2 4
6 NS SU 301 B Bos sp. -21.2 6.9 40.4 14.9 3.2 15
7 SS-BUFF Bubalus sp. -18.4 8.6 42.6 15.3 3.2 7
8 SS-HORSE Equus sp. -20.2 5.6 53.0 19.1 3.2 7
9 SS-OVIS 1 Ovis sp. -21.2 6.4 42.6 15.6 3.2 14
10 SS-OVIS 2 Ovis sp. -20.1 7.1 42.0 15.1 3.3 11
11 SS.OVIS 3 Ovis sp. -21.6 4.9 42.0 15.1 3.2 11
12 SS-OVIS 4 Ovis sp. -20.4 4.8 45.1 16.4 3.2 9
13 SS-OVIS 5 Ovis sp. -20.6 6.3 47.1 16.9 3.3 7
14 NS US 72 Ovis sp. -21.2 5.2 33.5 12.5 3.1 38
15 SS-CERVUS 1 Cervus sp. -21.2 4.4 42.0 15.3 3.2 18
16 SS-CERVUS 2 Cervus sp. -20.8 4.3 42.8 15.6 3.2 9
17 SS-GALLUS 1 Gallus sp. -19.6 10.6 50.7 18.4 3.2 4
18 SS-GALLUS 2 Gallus sp. -19.7 9.1 69.8 25.1 3.2 11
19 SS-GALLUS 3 Gallus sp. -19.5 7.8 47.1 17.1 3.2 9
20 SS-GALLUS 4 Gallus sp. -19.6 8.7 47.4 17.3 3.2 7
21 SS-SUS 1 Sus sp. -20.5 5.2 41.9 15.2 3.2 15
22 SS-SUS 2 Sus sp. -19.9 8.1 41.8 15.3 3.2 16
23 SS-SUS 3 Sus sp. -20.8 6.7 48.9 17.7 3.2 10
24 SS-SUS 4 Sus sp. -19.9 6.1 44.4 16.2 3.2 8
25 SS-SUS 5 Sus sp. -20.9 6.0 61.6 22.8 3.2 10
26 SS-WBOAR Sus scrofa -19.8 8.2 43.0 15.6 3.2 9
27 SS-DOG 1 Canis sp. -19 9.1 41.5 14.9 3.3 3
28 SS-DOG 2 Canis sp. -17.8 9.9 44.5 16.3 3.2 8
29 SS-CAT Felis sp. -19.2 9.5 47.3 17.4 3.2 13
30 TVG-S-FISH 3 Pisces -7.9 9.8 49.7 18.6 3.1 10
31 TVG-S-FISH 5 Pisces -9.8 11.4 47.4 17.8 3.1 13
32 TVG-S-FISH 7 Pisces -9.6 11.5 50.2 18.7 3.1 10
33 TVG-SS-S FISH 8 Pisces -9.8 12.2 42.1 15.1 3.2 3
34 TVG-SS-S FISH 9 Pisces -9.8 11.2 44.5 16.4 3.2 8
35 TVG-S-TUNA Thunnus sp. -13.8 13.3 55.3 17.9 3.6 8
36 SSF1 Pisces -19.8 7.6 42.9 15.6 3.2 14
37 SSF2 Galeorhinus sp. -12.0 13.9 41.9 14.8 3.3 11
38 SSF3 Sparidae -8.8 10.7 43.9 16.5 3.2 8
39 SSF4 Sparidae -9.3 10.4 42.9 16.1 3.1 9
40 SSF5 Labrus sp. -10.3 10.1 43.1 15.3 3.2 5
41 SSF6 Sparus sp. -7.3 9.7 41.7 15.3 3.2 2