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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 May 16;59(6):749–758. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.006

Figure 4. Genetic and Environmental Associations between p, g, and EF.

Figure 4.

Note: Cognitive abilities are associated with lower psychopathology due to correlated genetic influences but remain associated even comparing within MZ twin pairs (non-shared environmental correlations). Error bars show 95% confidence interval. g = general intelligence; EF = executive functions; p = general factor of psychopathology.