Table 4.
Associations between site-specific visit 1 (early-teen) DNA methylation and pubertal progression from visit 1 (early-teen) to visit 2 (late-teen), in adjusted multivariate regression model a,b,c. CpG sites with at least one significant relationship (p < 0.05) are shown (see Supplemental Table 3 for full results). Odds Ratios are shown from adjusted models for the main effect of DNA methylation along with the interaction between DNA methylation and time between visits.
| Pubic Hair |
Genital Development |
Testicular Volume (L) |
Testicular Volume (R) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys (N = 114) |
Odds Ratio (CI) |
Odds Ratio (CI) |
Odds Ratio (CI) |
Odds Ratio (CI) |
|||||
| Site | Main Effect | Site by Time | Main Effect | Site by Time | Main Effect | Site by Time | Main Effect | Site by Time | |
| HSD11B2 | 1 | 0.84 (0.42, 1.68) |
1.04 (0.90, 1.20) |
0.77 (0.53, 1.12) |
1.12 (1.01, 1.24) |
0.94 (0.60, 1.50) |
1.03 (0.92, 1.15) |
0.96 (0.64, 1.45) |
1.03 (0.93, 1.14) |
| 4 | 1.36 (0.47, 3.96) |
0.97 (0.76, 1.23) |
1.59 (0.92, 2.74) |
0.83 (0.72, 0.97) |
1.08 (0.49, 2.40) |
1.01 (0.85, 1.19) |
1.14 (0.55, 2.38) |
1.00 (0.85, 1.18) |
|
| IGF2 | 4 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.06) |
0.93 (0.82, 1.05) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.07) |
1.04 (0.85, 1.27) |
1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
1.04 (0.87, 1.25) |
1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
a Adjusted for age, BMI and SES status at visit 1 (early-teen).
b Bolded value indicates the association is significant with a P value < 0.05.
c Model: logit (Y ij) = β0 + β1*age + β2*time_difference + β3*CpG_Site + β4*CpG_Site*time_difference +β5*age*time_difference