. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Board Fam Med. 2019 Nov-Dec;32(6):801–806. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2019.06.190092

Table 2.

Means (Least Square) of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) Scores by Diabetes Status and Severity of Diabetes

Diabetes Status	LS Mean	Std Error	P-Value

No diabetes (n = 2634)	0.50⁸	0.05	.03^‡
Pre-diabetes (n = 1176)	0.50^†	0.06
Diabetes (n = 624)	0.79^*†	0.10
Severity of Diabetes
Mild (HgbA1c 6.5% to 9%) (n = 375)	0.55	0.11	.0002^§
Severe (HgbA1c > 9%) (n = 94)	1.37	0.14

The range of the DII scores was −3.41 to 9.05. Positive scores are pro-inflammatory and negative scores are anti-inflammatory.

P < .05 for comparison of difference between non-diabetic and diabetic subjects.

^†

P < .05 for comparison of difference between pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects.

^‡

P-value for comparison of mean difference in DII scores between non-diabetic, pre-diabetic, and diabetic subjects using regression analysis.

^§

P-value for comparison of difference in DII scores between subjects with different level s of severity of diabetes using regression analysis.