Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcome of the patients included in study of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease, Vietnam*.
| Characteristics | All, N = 120 | EV-A71, N = 30 | CVA6, N = 30 | CVA10, N = 30 | CVA16, N = 30 | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Sex ratio, F/M | 45/75 | 8/22 | 8/22 | 14/16 | 15/15 | 0.12 |
| Median age, mo (range) |
16.2 (1.8–59) |
16.7 (4.9–58.6) |
16.4 (5.3–59) |
14.7 (1.8–41.4) |
19 (5.8–46.5) |
0.11 |
| Median day of illness from onset (range) | ||||||
| To hospital admission | 1 (0–5) | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) | 0.058 |
| To enrollment in study | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–4) | 1.5 (0–3) | 2 (0–6) | 2 (0–6) | 0.802 |
| To collection of second plasma |
9 (7–17) |
9 (7–12) |
9 (7–14) |
9 (7–14) |
9 (8–17) |
0.211 |
| Median day of hospitalization‡ |
3 (1–12) |
4 (2–10) |
3 (1–8) |
3 (1–6) |
4 (2–12) |
0.3 |
| Inpatient/outpatient ratio |
77/43 |
17/13 |
18/12 |
25/5 |
17/13 |
0.08 |
| Clinical characteristics, no. (%) | ||||||
| Fever | 87 (72.5) | 24 (80) | 17 (56.7) | 24 (80) | 17 (56.7) | 0.16 |
| Cough | 26 (21.7) | 6 (20) | 2 (6.7) | 8 (26.7) | 10 (33.3) | 0.06 |
| Runny nose | 21 (17.5) | 6 (20) | 3 (10) | 5 (16.7) | 7 (23.3) | 0.63 |
| Vomiting | 25 (20.8) | 7 (23.3) | 5 (16.7) | 5 (16.7) | 8 (26.7) | 0.77 |
| Diarrhea | 14 (11.7) | 3 (10) | 3 (10) | 3 (10) | 5 (16.7) | 0.89 |
| Drowsiness | 6 (5) | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 2 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | 0.6 |
| Irritability | 14 (11.7) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (6.7) | 0.46 |
| Myoclonus | 30 (25) | 10 (33.3) | 3 (10) | 9 (30) | 8 (27) | 0.13 |
| Sweating | 4 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.3) | 1 |
| Lethargy | 2 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 0.24 |
| Conjunctivitis | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Rash | 106 (88.3) | 30 (100) | 30 (100) | 17 (56.7) | 19 (63.3) | 0 |
| Mouth lesion | 111 (92.5) | 28 (93.3) | 23 (76.7) | 30 (100) | 30 (100) | 0.001 |
| Limb weakness |
4 (3.3) |
1 (3.3) |
1 (3.3) |
1 (3.3) |
1 (3.3) |
0.80 |
| Median pulse, bpm (range) |
120 (96–180) |
120 (96–180) |
120 (100–167) |
125 (100–165) |
120 (100–170) |
0.632 |
| Median blood pressure, mm Hg (range) | ||||||
| Systolic | 90 (75–128) | 90 (75–100) | 90 (80–120) | 90 (80–120) | 90 (80–128) | 0.661 |
| Diastolic |
60 (40–80) |
55 (50–62) |
55 (40–80) |
60 (50–80) |
60 (50–77) |
0.551 |
| Blood biochemistry results, median (range) | ||||||
| Leukocyte count, × 109 cells/L | 13.1 (1–50.6) | 13.6 (7.8–50.6) | 12.5 (1–25.9) | 14.3 (5–24.7) | 12.4 (4.5–24.4) | 0.638 |
| Neutrophils, % | 51 (2.1–92.7) | 51.2 (19.7–72.8) | 52.7 (7.7–92.7) | 47.6 (2.1–76.3) | 50.9 (24.2–86.1) | 0.658 |
| Lymphocytes, % | 37.1 (3.7–80.2) | 37.1 (18.4–65.5) | 33.9 (3.7–80.2) | 37.6 (17.6–71.2) | 36.5 (6.1–60.3) | 0.846 |
| Platelet count, × 109/L | 322.5 (96–597) | 360 (189–522) | 341.5 (150–513) | 297 (96–452) | 293.5 (175–597) | 0.086 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 107 (0–212) | 112 (62–170) | 108.5 (0–154) | 108.5 (68–212) | 98.5 (51–164) | 0.324 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL |
12.4 (0–102) |
4.1 (0–100) |
13.7 (0–102) |
23.3 (3–58) |
9.9 (0–39) |
<0.001 |
| Clinical grade, no. (%) | ||||||
| Mild | 107 (89.2) | 24 (80) | 29 (96.7) | 28 (93.3) | 26 (86.7) | 0.2 |
| Severe |
13 (10.8) |
6 (20) |
1 (3.3) |
2 (6.7) |
4 (13.3) |
|
| IVIg administration, no. (%) |
8 (6.7%) |
3 (10) |
1 (3.3) |
1 (3.3) |
3 (10) |
0.5 |
| Outcome, no. (%) | ||||||
| Full recovery | 119 (99.2) | 30 (100) | 29 (96.7) | 30 (100) | 30 (100) | 0.17 |
| Incomplete recovery | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | |
*CV, coxsackievirus; EV, enterovirus; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin. †Results of statistical analyses comparing individual groups of patients infected with EV-A71, CVA6, CVA10, or CVA16. ‡Inpatients only.