Table 3.
Standard plane detection results after fine-tuning (mean ± standard deviation [%]). Rand. Init. denotes the SE-ResNeXt model trained from scratch. The best score among the first three models is marked in bold. Scores of the fine-tuned SonoNet that exceed all three models are marked in bold as well. The literature SonoNet scores are given in parenthesis.
| Rand. Init. | Gaze-FT | Saliency-FT | Δ(Saliency, Rand. Init.) | SonoNet-FT (Lit. value [1]) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precision | 70.4 ± 2.3 | 67.2 ± 3.4 | 79.5 ± 1.7 | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 82.3 ± 1.3 (81) |
| Recall | 64.9 ± 1.6 | 57.3 ± 4.5 | 75.1 ± 3.4 | 10.2 ± 1.9 | 87.3 ± 1.1 (86) |
| F1-score | 67.0 ± 1.3 | 60.7 ± 3.9 | 76.6 ± 2.6 | 9.6 ± 2.1 | 84.5 ± 0.9 (83) |
| F1-scores per class: | ↓ | ||||
| RVOT | 37.9 ± 3.8 | 30.4 ± 4.9 | 58.7 ± 2.7 | 20.8 ± 5.5 | 71.2 ± 2.8 |
| LVOT | 30.3 ± 4.7 | 25.8 ± 5.9 | 48.6 ± 3.3 | 18.4 ± 7.3 | 69.9 ± 5.3 |
| 4CH | 43.1 ± 6.7 | 33.5 ± 8.5 | 57.3 ±10.8 | 14.2 ±11.9 | 75.7 ± 9.1 |
| Kidneys | 71.4 ± 5.5 | 68.5 ±12.1 | 84.7 ± 6.3 | 13.3 ± 5.7 | 81.0 ± 5.0 |
| Profile | 77.5 ± 7.2 | 61.7 ± 7.7 | 87.2 ± 7.5 | 9.7 ± 3.7 | 88.1 ± 4.5 |
| Lips | 76.7 ± 2.6 | 74.2 ± 7.3 | 85.6 ± 4.5 | 8.8 ± 6.7 | 92.9 ± 0.8 |
| Brain (Cb.) | 84.9 ± 7.0 | 83.2 ± 1.5 | 93.7 ± 4.6 | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 92.8 ± 1.1 |
| 3VT | 50.4 ± 1.9 | 47.1 ± 7.1 | 58.3 ± 7.1 | 7.9 ± 5.6 | 77.9 ± 1.6 |
| Brain (Tv.) | 86.1 ± 7.7 | 88.8 ± 2.8 | 92.9 ± 5.0 | 6.8 ± 2.8 | 92.1 ± 4.5 |
| Spine (cor.) | 72.9 ± 3.6 | 57.2 ± 2.8 | 79.0 ± 3.7 | 6.1 ± 6.2 | 90.3 ± 4.9 |
| Abdominal | 67.9 ± 5.1 | 60.8 ± 6.7 | 72.9 ± 2.9 | 5.0 ± 3.7 | 85.0 ± 1.4 |
| Spine (sag.) | 86.5 ± 3.5 | 80.2 ± 2.5 | 89.1 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 5.2 | 91.6 ± 2.5 |
| Femur | 85.7 ± 2.0 | 77.7 ± 0.1 | 87.6 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 89.5 ± 1.8 |
| Background | 85.2 ± 0.9 | 83.3 ± 0.7 | 89.0 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 90.3 ± 0.4 |
RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; 4CH: four chamber view; 3VT: three vessel and trachea view; Brain (Cb.): brain cerebellum suboccipitobregmatic plane; Brain (Tv.): brain transventricular plane; Cor.: Coronal plane; Sag.: Sagittal plane.