Table 1.
Characteristics of person-years according to smoking status among participants with diabetes in the NHS and HPFS
| Characteristic | Current smokers | Recent quitters according to weight gain within 6 years after quitting | Long-term quitters | Transient quitters | Never smoked | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0 kg | 0.1–5.0 kg | >5.0 kg | |||||
| Person-years* | 20,983 | 8,471 | 1,818 | 2,154 | 16,742 | 600 | 102,398 |
| Age (years) | 59.2 (9.9) | 59.9 (11.2) | 61.2 (9.6) | 61.6 (9.0) | 66.7 (9.6) | 59.5 (9.5) | 66.0 (10.6) |
| BMI shortly before diabetes diagnosis (kg/m2) | 28.7 (6.0) | 29.8 (6.6) | 27.8 (5.8) | 29.4 (6.3) | 29.6 (5.9) | 29.4 (5.6) | 30.7 (6.0) |
| Race, % | |||||||
| White | 95.7 | 94.8 | 94.7 | 95.1 | 94.1 | 91.4 | 92.4 |
| Black | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
| Asian | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Other | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.4 |
| Self-reported hypertension, % | 63.4 | 64.6 | 64.4 | 68.4 | 67.7 | 72.6 | 70.1 |
| Self-reported high cholesterol, % | 58.1 | 50.6 | 57.3 | 67.3 | 60.9 | 58.0 | 60.0 |
| Family history of MI, % | 29.9 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 26.6 | 29.8 | 27.3 | 26.5 |
| Multivitamin use, % | 36.4 | 35.0 | 40.9 | 38.1 | 43.7 | 36.4 | 41.4 |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) | 5.0 (1.0,15.2) | 7.5 (2.3,20.6) | 8.4 (2.5,20.2) | 5.9 (1.5,15.4) | 7.7 (2.0,20.2) | 4.2 (0.9,15.4) | 7.4 (2.1,18.7) |
| Alternative healthy eating index | 51.3 (11.4) | 53.8 (12.2) | 52.8 (11.0) | 52.0 (10.9) | 55.3 (11.8) | 52.4 (10.5) | 53.9 (11.8) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 0.0 (0.0,4.7) | 0.0 (0.0,5.3) | 0.0 (0.0,5.5) | 0.0 (0.0,2.7) | 0.0 (0.0,3.8) | 0.0 (0.0,3.2) | 0.0 (0.0,1.2) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1624.1 (581.5) | 1672.7 (566.9) | 1675.0 (535.0) | 1669.1 (561.8) | 1704.5 (560.8) | 1573.1 (579.8) | 1694.9 (568.1) |
*
Person-years are based on the analyses for CVD. Values are means (SD), median (interquartile range) or percentages; NHS: Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS: Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study; MI: myocardial infarction; MET: metabolic equivalent tasks. Recent quitters were defined as patients who had quitted smoking for 2–6 consecutive years. Long-term quitters were defined as patients who had quitted smoking for more than 6 consecutive years. Transient quitters were defined as patients who reported being past smokers in the current 2-year survey cycle but being current smokers in the previous and next cycles.