Table 3.

Hazard ratios for association between smoking cessation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes after excluding those who died within 6 years after quitting^*

	Current smokers	Long-term quitters according to weight gain within 6 years after quitting			Never smoked
		≤0 kg	0.1–5.0 kg	>5.0 kg
All-cause mortality
Person-years	23,921	5,184	2,839	3,806	117,061
Cases	721	269	121	156	2,560
Crude incident rate per 1000 person-years	30.14	51.89	42.62	40.99	21.87
Multivariable adjusted	1.00	0.69 (0.58, 0.82)	0.57 (0.45, 0.71)	0.51 (0.42, 0.62)	0.40 (0.36, 0.44)
CVD mortality
Cases	242	98	45	45	874
Crude incident rate per 1000 person-years	10.11	18.90	15.85	11.82	7.47
Multivariable adjusted	1.00	0.84 (0.63, 1.12)	0.66 (0.46, 0.95)	0.47 (0.32, 0.67)	0.45 (0.38, 0.53)
Cancer mortality
Cases	205	58	24	36	507
Crude incident rate per 1000 person-years	8.57	11.19	8.45	9.46	4.33
Multivariable adjusted	1.00	0.71 (0.50, 0.99)	0.53 (0.33, 0.84)	0.55 (0.37, 0.83)	0.33 (0.27, 0.39)

^*There were no cases among transient quitters.

Adjusted for age (years), diabetes duration (years), sex (male, female), race (white, non-white), BMI shortly before diabetes diagnosis (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–35.0, or >35.0 kg/m²), physical activity (in quintiles), alcohol intake (0, <5.0, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 g/day), total energy (in quintiles), Alternative Healthy Eating Index score (in quintiles), family history of diabetes (yes, no), family history of myocardial infarction (yes, no), family history of cancer (yes, no), current aspirin use (yes, no), and current multivitamin use (yes, no), presence of hypertension (yes, no), presence of hypercholesterolemia (yes, no), and diabetes medication use (oral hypoglycemic medication, insulin, or other).