Table 1.

Clinical and neuropsychological features of the primary progressive aphasia variants (adapted from Woollacott et al, 2016)⁴⁶

	Semantic variant PPA	Nonfluent variant PPA	Logopenic variant PPA
Spontaneous speech(fluency, errors, grammar, prosody)	Fluent, garrulous and circumlocutory, semantic errors, intact grammar and prosody	Slow and hesitant, Effortful +/−apraxic, phonetic errors, may be agrammatic, aprosodic	Hesitant, not effortful or apraxic, frequent word-finding pauses and loss of train of sentence, intact grammar and prosody
Naming	Severe anomia with semantic paraphasias	Moderate anomia with phonetic errors and phonemic paraphasias	Mild-to-moderate anomia with occasional phonemic paraphasias
Single word comprehension	Poor	Intact early on, but affected later in the disease	Intact early on, but affected later in the disease
Sentence comprehension	Initially preserved, later on becomes affected as word comprehension is impaired	Impaired if grammatically complex	Impaired, especially if long
Single word repetition	Relatively intact	Mild-to-moderately impaired if polysyllabic	Relatively intact (compared with sentence repetition)
Sentence repetition	Relatively intact	Can be effortful, impaired if grammatically complex	Impaired, with length effect
Reading	Surface dyslexia	Phonological dyslexia +/−phonetic errors on reading aloud	Phonological dyslexia
Writing	Surface dysgraphia	Phonological dysgraphia	Phonological dysgraphia

PPA, primary progressive aphasia.