Table 3.
Changes over Time in Resident Function, Mental Health, and Medication Use (1985–2015)
| Year | 1985 | 1995/2000+ | 2005 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (CI) N=l,489,508* | Mean (SD) N=16,824 | Mean (SD) N=16,091 | Mean (SD) N=15,686 | |
| Physical & Cognitive Function | ||||
| Average Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale Score+ | 15.26 (3.47) | 15.60 (3.32) | 16.87 (2.62) | |
| Percent of Residents Bed Bound | 6.46 (5.77, 7.16) | 6.56 (9.85) | 4.33 (7.41) | 3.74 (6.92) |
| Percent of Residents Chair Bound | 39.48 (38.05, 40.91) | 48.13 (21.28) | 55.08 (21.21) | 64.32 (21.37) |
| Percent of Residents Needing Assistance with Early-Loss ADLs | ||||
| Dressing | 74.18 (72.83, 75.52) | 86.62 (12.44) | 88.20 (11.66) | 91.82 (10.85) |
| Bathing | 89.16 (88.14, 90.18) | 94.18 (10.11) | 95.40 (9.24) | 96.46 (8.46) |
| Percent of Residents Needing Assistance with Middle Loss ADLs | ||||
| Transfer | 60.21 (58.75,61.67) | 72.71 (16.49) | 77.26 (15.39) | 85.49 (14.65) |
| Toileting | 49.16 (47.68, 50.63) | 76.57 (15.03) | 81.50 (13.89) | 88.11 (13.02) |
| Percent of Residents Needing Assistance with Late Loss ADLs | ||||
| Eating | 37.73 (36.32, 39.14) | 52.95 (22.23) | 49.39 (21.86) | 56.45 (28.85) |
| Percent of Residents with Dementia | 43.34 (41.89, 44.79) | 38.98 (19.95) | 45.19 (19.35) | 45.27 (18.4) |
| Mental Health & Medication Use | ||||
| Percent of Residents with Psychiatric Diagnosis | 11.2 (13.91) | 19.78 (17.19) | 31.37 (19.5) | |
| Percent of Residents with Schizophrenia+ | 5.72 (5.02, 6.41) | 6.05 (9.92) | 7.66 (11.01) | 10.43 (13.04) |
| Percent of Residents Receiving Antianxiety Medications | 14.62 (10.15) | 17.64 (10.27) | 22.98 (11.64) | |
| Percent of Residents Receiving Antidepressant Medications | 19.51 (10.93) | 45.77 (14.28) | 48.74 (14.52) | |
| Percent of Residents Receiving Antipsychotic Medication | 15.96 (13.08) | 25.95 (14.73) | 20.07 (14.50) | |
Source: The 1985 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS), the 1995, 2005, and 2015 Online Survey Certification and Reporting/Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting Data(OSCAR/CASPER), and the Brown University’s LTCFocUS Data for 2000, 2005, and 2015.
Notes. NNHS data represents the national averages whereas OSCAR data represent the average of facility averages. ADLs= Activities of Daily Living. The average ADL score is based on 7 ADLs ranges from 0–28 scale where 0=total independence and 28=total dependence.
Weighted number of residents.
These data are from the 2000, 2005, and 2015 LTCFocUs instead of the OSCAR/CASPER Data.
SD = Standard Deviation.
CI = Confidence Interval.
Average Acuity Index = Includes ADL and special treatment measures.9