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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2019 Jul 29;27(4):532–552. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1642442

Table 1.

Means (SDs) by Age Group and Study

Study 1: Gains
 Study 2: Losses
Characteristic Young

(N=62)		 Older
(N=65)		 Young
(N=57)		 Older
(N=51)
Age* 19.3 (1.6) 74.0 (6.1) 19.0 (1.2) 72.1 (6.3)
Education (years)* 13.0 (0.8) 16.5 (2.3) 13.1 (1.1) 17.0 (2.5)
Vocabulary* 19.0 (4.7) 25.3 (5.5) 18.2 (6.4) 26.4 (6.6)
SF-36 physical health* 48.5 (6.4) 45.1 (5.01) 50.4 (6.1) 47.5 (5.9)
SF-36 mental health* 48.5 (10.4) 57.7 (5.8) 47.2 (9.6) 58.0 (6.8)
WAIS DSS* 84.0 (14.6) 60.0 (13.4) 87.1 (12.8) 61.3 (10.3)
WAIS LNS* 11.3 (2.7) 9.9 (2.2) 11.7 (2.5) 9.5 (3.0)
Numeracy* 9.5 (1.6) 8.0 (2.8) 8.9 (1.7) 7.8 (2.3)

Note. *Age groups within the same study significantly differ (p < .05).