Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects with or without uncontrolled BP
| Characteristic | Uncontrolled systolic BP |
Uncontrolled diastolic BP |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes (%*) | P-value | No | Yes (%*) | P-value | |
| Total | 2,483 | 753 (23.3) | 2,945 | 291 (9.0) | ||
| Age (y) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| <55 | 398 | 56 (12.3) | 347 | 107 (23.6) | ||
| 55–69 | 1,106 | 296 (21.1) | 1,262 | 140 (10.0) | ||
| ≥70 | 979 | 401 (29.1) | 1,336 | 44 (3.2) | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 1,098 | 270 (19.7) | 1,218 | 150 (11.0) | ||
| Female | 1,385 | 483 (25.9) | 1,727 | 141 (7.6) | ||
| Residential area | 0.352 | 0.150 | ||||
| Rural | 597 | 188 (24.5) | 708 | 59 (7.7) | ||
| Urban | 1,904 | 565 (22.9) | 2,237 | 232 (9.4) | ||
| Education level | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Middle school or lower | 1,530 | 535 (25.9) | 1,921 | 144 (7.0) | ||
| High school of higher | 900 | 197 (18.0) | 958 | 139 (12.7) | ||
| Occupation type | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| White-collar | 214 | 25 (10.5) | 186 | 53 (22.2) | ||
| Blue-collar | 858 | 240 (21.9) | 977 | 121 (11.0) | ||
| No work | 1,361 | 467 (25.6) | 1,718 | 110 (6.0) | ||
| House income | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Less than median | 1,540 | 528 (25.5) | 1,916 | 152 (7.4) | ||
| Median or more | 929 | 223 (19.4) | 1,015 | 137 (11.9) | ||
| Spouse | 0.190 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 722 | 238 (24.8) | 906 | 54 (5.6) | ||
| Yes | 1,758 | 515 (22.7) | 2,036 | 237 (10.4) | ||
| Stress | 0.027 | 0.477 | ||||
| Low | 1,869 | 589 (24.0) | 2,237 | 221 (9.0) | ||
| High | 543 | 135(19.9) | 611 | 67 (9.9) | ||
| Regular exercise | 0.186 | 0.424 | ||||
| No | 1,519 | 476 (23.9) | 1,809 | 186 (9.3) | ||
| Yes | 904 | 252 (21.8) | 1,058 | 98 (8.5) | ||
| Sleep duration (h) | 0.001 | 0.522 | ||||
| ≥6 | 1,878 | 522 (21.8) | 2,175 | 225 (9.4) | ||
| <6 | 531 | 202 (27.6) | 670 | 63 (8.6) | ||
| Smoke | 0.001 | 0.144 | ||||
| Non or ex | 2,082 | 657 (24.0) | 2,496 | 243 (8.9) | ||
| Current | 329 | 66 (16.7) | 351 | 44 (11.1) | ||
| Alcohol drinking (d/wk) | 0.771 | 0.072 | ||||
| ≤3 | 2,226 | 665 (23.0) | 2,634 | 257 (8.9) | ||
| ≥4 | 192 | 60 (23.8) | 221 | 31 (12.3) | ||
| Heavy alcohol drinking (d/wk) | 0.320 | <0.001 | ||||
| <1 | 2,070 | 632 (23.4) | 2,494 | 208 (7.7) | ||
| ≥1 | 345 | 93 (21.2) | 358 | 80 (18.3) | ||
| Hypertension duration (y) | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| <10 | 1,470 | 363 (19.8) | 1,642 | 191 (10.4) | ||
| 10–24 | 862 | 309 (26.4) | 1,081 | 90 (7.7) | ||
| ≥25 | 136 | 66 (32.7) | 195 | 7 (3.5) | ||
| Diabetes | 0.004 | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,883 | 531 (22.0) | 2,172 | 242 (10.0) | ||
| Yes | 596 | 220 (27.0) | 767 | 49 (6.0) | ||
| Myocardial infarction or angina | 0.198 | 0.168 | ||||
| No | 2,284 | 679 (22.9) | 2,692 | 271 (9.2) | ||
| Yes | 180 | 65 (26.5) | 229 | 16 (6.5) | ||
| Stroke | 0.001 | 0.878 | ||||
| No | 2,289 | 662 (22.4) | 2,688 | 263 (8.9) | ||
| Yes | 178 | 83 (31.8) | 237 | 24 (9.2) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.345 | 0.173 | ||||
| No | 1,583 | 466 (22.7) | 1,854 | 195 (9.5) | ||
| Yes | 899 | 287 (24.2) | 1,090 | 96 (8.1) | ||
| Thyroid disease | 0.965 | 0.167 | ||||
| No | 2,375 | 717 (23.2) | 2,811 | 281 (9.1) | ||
| Yes | 87 | 26 (23.0) | 107 | 6 (5.3) | ||
| Depression | 0.849 | 0.483 | ||||
| No | 2,311 | 696 (23.1) | 2,735 | 272 (9.1) | ||
| Yes | 151 | 47 (23.7) | 183 | 15 (7.6) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.708 | 0.176† | ||||
| No | 2,429 | 732 (23.2) | 2,875 | 286 (9.1) | ||
| Yes | 32 | 11 (25.6) | 42 | 1 (2.3) | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | 0.784 | 1.000† | ||||
| No | 2,442 | 738 (23.2) | 2,895 | 285 (9.0) | ||
| Yes | 19 | 5 (20.8) | 22 | 2 (8.3) | ||
| Antihypertensive medication on the day of examination | 0.003 | 0.076 | ||||
| No | 2,358 | 734 (23.7) | 2,808 | 284 (9.2) | ||
| Yes | 125 | 19 (13.2) | 137 | 7 (4.9) | ||
| Obesity | 0.008 | 0.001 | ||||
| BMI <25 kg/m2 | 1,239 | 418 (25.2) | 1,535 | 122 (7.4) | ||
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 1,239 | 335 (21.3) | 1,406 | 168 (10.7) | ||
| Abdominal obesity | 0.145 | 0.939 | ||||
| No | 1,321 | 423 (24.3) | 1,587 | 157 (9.0) | ||
| Yes | 1,161 | 329 (22.1) | 1,357 | 133 (8.9) | ||
BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.
*
Prevalence of uncontrolled BP in the stated condition.
†
P-value derived from the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.