Table 1.
Stem cell therapy in preclinical models of OAB and DUA
| Method | Animal/Sex | Reference | Model type | Cell type | Route of injection | Cell count (/mL) | Evaluation (days) | Mode of action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilateral iliac artery ischemia |
SD Rat ♀ |
Neurourol Urodyn 2018 [52] |
OAB | hAFSCs (human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells) | Intravenous tail injection |
1.0 × 106 /0.3 mL |
1 3 7 |
TNFα |
| Cerebral ischemia |
SD Rat ♀ |
Stem Cells Transl Med 2017 [51] |
OAB | hAFSCs (human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells) | Bladder injection |
1.0 × 106 /0.3 mL |
3 10 |
NGF, M2, M3, P2X1 |
| Cerebral ischemia |
SD Rat ♀ |
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016 [76] | OAB | hUCB-derived CD34+ (Umbilical cord) | Intravenous tail injection |
1.0 × 106 /0.3 mL |
1 3 7 |
NGF, M2, M3 |
| Bilateral iliac artery ischemia |
SD Rat ♀ |
Int J Mol Med 2012 [77] |
OAB | Rat BM-MSCs (Bone marrow) | iliac artery |
4.0 × 106 /tube +doxazosin mesylate I.P injection |
56 | regenerates bladder tissue |
| Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) |
SD Rat ♀ |
J Pediatr Urol 2019 [78] |
N/A | Rat BM-MSCs (Bone marrow) | Intravenous tail injection |
1.0 × 106 /0.5 mL |
14 28 |
Anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic |
| Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) |
SD Rat ♀ |
Can Urol Assoc J 2016 [79] |
N/A | Rat MSCs | Intravenous tail injection |
5.0 × 106 /0.5 mL |
7 14 |
Anti-inflammatory |
| Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) |
Lewis Rat ♂ |
World J Urol 2014 [80] |
DUA | Rat ADSCs (Adipose-derived stem cells), Rat MPCs (muscle precursor cells) | Bladder injection |
1.5 × 106 /0.5 mL |
42 | regenerates bladder tissue |
| Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) |
SD Rat ♀ |
Stem Cells Dev 2014 [55] |
OAB | hAD-MSCs (adipose-derived MSCs) | Bladder injection | 28 | SDF-1, HGF, paracrine effects | |
| Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) |
SD Rat ♀ |
Int J Urol 2014 [81] | OAB | Rat BM-MSCs (Bone marrow) | Intravenous tail injection | 5.0 × 106 | 42 | morphological changes |
| Bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) |
SD Rat ♀ |
Cell Transplant 2012 [54] | B10 human MSCs overexpress-ing HGF | Bladder injection | 1.0 × 106 | 28 | HGF, TGF-β | |
| Nerve injury |
SD Rat ♀ |
Transplantation 2010 [82] |
DUA | Sk-MSC (skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cells) | Damaged nerve lesion | 5-7 × 105 | 28 | Pericytes Fibroblasts |
| Nerve injury |
SD Rat ♀ |
Urology 2005 [83] |
DUA | MDCs (Muscle-derived Cell) | Damaged nerve lesion | 3 × 105 | 14 | Autograft |
| Cryo injury |
NIH-rNu Rat ♀ |
Journal of Urology 2007 [84] |
N/A | AF-MSC and BM-MSC | Bladder injection | 2 × 106 | 30 |
SMC TGFβ |
| Cryo injury |
SCID mice and SD Rat ♀ |
Gene Therapy 2002 [85] |
DUA | Muscle-derived cell | Bladder injection | 1.5 × 106 |
7 14 28 56 |
β-galactosidase AChRs |
| Cryo injury |
C57BL/6 mice ♂ |
Journal of Urology 2009 [86] |
DUA | Adipocyte derived fat cell | Bladder injection | 5 × 104 |
14 30 |
SMC TGFβ |
| Diabetes |
SD Rat ♀ |
Stem Cells and Development 2012 [59] |
OAB/DUA | ADSCs (adipose tissue-derived stem cells) | tail vein injection | 3 × 106 | 28 | Apoptosis vascular integrity |
| Diabetes |
SD Rat ♀ |
Sci Rep 2018 [62] |
DUA | hAFSCs (human amniotic fluid stem cells) | Bladder injection | 3 × 106 |
28 84 |
NGF M2, M3 receptors |