Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jan 28;10:1386. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57819-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

A schematic model based on our results showing the role of E2 in DCIS metastasis to IDC. E2 induced basement membrane disruption in breast glandular ducts by promoting MMP-3 and IL-1β secretion via the GPER signaling pathway. In turn, the secreted IL-1β activated the IL-1R1/MyD88 signaling pathway to increase IL-1β and MMP-3 expression. Finally, in our model, estradiol induces apoptosis and pyroptosis of epithelial cells, thereby disrupting the glandular ducts and promoting DCIS metastasis to IDC.