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. 2020 Jan 28;11:551. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14408-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Photo of a male Bistonina biston. Each forewing has a pheromone-producing androconial organ consisting of a scent pad and a scent patch. Scalar bar: 5 mm. b Solar absorption spectra measured from different regions of the B. biston forewing. Normalized solar spectrum is also plotted (light blue shaded region). c Thermal emissivity spectra measured from different regions of the B. biston forewing. Normalized thermal radiation spectrum of a blackbody at T = 40 °C is also plotted (light red shaded region). d Optical images (top row) and SEM images (bottom row) of four types of wing scales on the forewing of a male B. biston. From left to right are scent patch, scent pad, black, and blue scales. Scalar bars in the top/bottom row: 50 μm/2 μm. e Distribution of thermal emissivity over the butterfly wing at a few mid-infrared wavelengths, showing that the scent patch, scent pad, and veins are highly emissive over the entire thermal radiation spectrum. f When wing scales have been removed (from the area indicated by the dashed curve), high emissivity of the scent patch disappears, while high emissivity of the scent pad and veins remains. Scalar bars in e and f: 1 mm. g Measured thermal emissivity spectra of individual scales from different regions of the wing. h Models of the scent patch (top) and black (bottom) scales, according to SEM images in d, used in full-wave simulations. i Simulated enhancement of thermal emissivity for individual scent patch and black scales. Spectra shown in b, c, and g are average of results measured from multiple locations on the specimen. Andrei Sourakov photographed the Bistonina biston shown in a. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.