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. 2020 Jan 22;10:1605. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01605

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Copyright © 2020 Cui, Feng, Shu, Yuan, Bu, Jia and Pang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dietary nitrate reduced inflammatory responses after IR injury. (A) Representative micrographs of immunohistochemistry for CD68 (macrophage) and MPO (leukocyte) of the skin flap. (Original magnification × 200, scale bar = 100 µm). (B) Numbers of CD68-positive cells. (C) Numbers of MPO-positive cells. (D, E) Levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in rats after flap IR injury. (F, G) Levels of flap issue TNF-α and IL-6 in rats after flap IR injury. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 6. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus Sham group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 versus IR group.