Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, substance use, and mental health history in the sample (N = 444) and in each substance-specific subsample.
| Total sample (N = 444) | Cannabis (n = 166) | Opioids (n = 155) | Stimulants (n = 123) | Post-hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age*** | 28.4 (10.6) | 25.2 (7.8) | 30.6 (11.8) | 29.9 (11.0) | C < O = S |
| Female sex | 93 (20.9%) | 31 (18.7%) | 35 (22.6%) | 27 (22.0%) | |
| White | 365 (82.4%) | 136 (81.9%) | 131 (84.5%) | 98 (80.3%) | |
| Hispanic | 38 (8.6%) | 13 (7.8%) | 14 (9.0%) | 11 (8.9%) | |
| Single/not married | 254 (57.2%) | 105 (63.3%) | 90 (58.1%) | 59 (48.0%) | |
| United States resident*** | 297 (66.9%) | 84 (50.6%) | 123 (79.4%) | 90 (73.2%) | C < O = S |
| Education | |||||
| Did not complete high school/GED | 21 (4.7%) | 11 (6.6%) | 6 (3.9%) | 4 (3.3%) | |
| High school/GED | 75 (16.9%) | 33 (19.9%) | 18 (11.6%) | 24 (19.5%) | |
| Some college | 183 (41.2%) | 61 (36.7%) | 75 (48.4%) | 47 (38.2%) | |
| College graduate | 88 (19.8%) | 30 (18.1%) | 30 (19.4%) | 28 (22.8%) | |
| Some grad school or graduate | 77 (17.3%) | 31 (18.7%) | 26 (16.8%) | 20 (16.3%) | |
| Income | |||||
| 0–19.9K | 137 (31.2%) | 58 (35.6%) | 43 (27.7%) | 36 (29.8%) | |
| 20–39.9K | 106 (24.1%) | 35 (21.5%) | 44 (28.4%) | 27 (22.3%) | |
| 40–59.9K | 64 (14.6%) | 28 (17.2%) | 23 (14.8%) | 13 (10.7%) | |
| 60–99.9K | 67 (15.3%) | 20 (12.3%) | 24 (15.5%) | 23 (19.0%) | |
| 100K+ | 65 (14.8%) | 22 (13.5%) | 21 (13.5%) | 22 (18.2%) | |
| Substance use variables and SUD diagnosis | |||||
| Substance distress*** | 2.6 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.9 (1.3) | 3.2 (2.1) | C < O = S |
| Pre-DUDIT C | 8.0 (2.5) | 8.4 (2.1) | 8.0 (2.6) | 7.7 (2.7) | |
| Pre-DSM5 | |||||
| No SUD | 19 (4.3%) | 9 (5.4%) | 5 (3.2%) | 5 (4.1%) | |
| Mild SUD | 29 (6.5%) | 11 (6.6%) | 7 (4.5%) | 11 (8.9%) | |
| Moderate SUD | 47 (10.6%) | 22 (13.3%) | 12 (7.7%) | 13 (10.6%) | |
| Severe SUD | 349 (78.6%) | 124 (74.7%) | 131 (84.5%) | 94 (76.4%) | |
| Pre-DUQ (Craving)*** | 40.7 (10.4) | 36.6 (9.7) | 45.1 (9.6) | 40.7 (10.2) | C < S < O |
| Post-DUDIT C*** | 2.6 (2.8) | 3.7 (2.8) | 1.8 (2.5) | 2.1 (2.5) | C > S = O |
| Post-DSM5 | |||||
| No SUD | 323 (72.7%) | 109 (65.7%) | 117 (75.5%) | 97 (78.9%) | |
| Mild SUD | 62 (14.0%) | 25 (15.1%) | 22 (14.2%) | 15 (12.2%) | |
| Moderate SUD | 24 (5.4%) | 14 (8.4%) | 3 (1.9%) | 7 (5.7%) | |
| Severe SUD | 35 (7.9%) | 18 (10.8%) | 13 (8.4%) | 4 (3.3%) | |
| Post DUQ (Craving) | 16.1 (8.9) | 16.4 (9.0) | 16.2 (9.6) | 15.4 (7.8) | |
| Years of having a substance use problem | 4.5 (5.3) | 3.9 (4.8) | 5.4 (5.8) | 4.4 (5.2) | |
| Age of first use*** | 17.2 (4.4) | 15.9 (2.3) | 18.5 (5.4) | 17.2 (4.7) | C < S < O |
| DUDIT-C Change Score*** | -5.4 (3.2) | -4.7 (2.9) | -6.2 (3.4) | -5.6 (3.2) | C < O |
| History of mental health conditions | |||||
| Any mental health disorder | 391 (88.1%) | 141 (84.9%) | 142 (91.6%) | 108 (87.8%) | |
| Anxiety disorder | 277 (62.4%) | 102 (61.4%) | 104 (67.1%) | 71 (57.7%) | |
| Eating disorder | 49 (11.0%) | 21 (12.7%) | 15 (9.7%) | 13 (10.6%) | |
| Impulse control disorder | 31 (7.0%) | 7 (4.2%) | 13 (8.4%) | 11 (8.9%) | |
| Mood disorder | 276 (62.2%) | 104 (62.7%) | 89 (57.4%) | 83 (67.5%) | |
| Personality disorder | 65 (14.6%) | 28 (16.9%) | 12 (7.7%) | 25 (20.3%) | |
| Psychotic disorder | 30 (6.8%) | 8 (4.8%) | 9 (5.8%) | 13 (10.6%) | |
| Substance use disorder*** | 266 (59.9%) | 73 (44.0%) | 122 (78.7%) | 71 (57.7%) | C = S < O |
All values shown are Mean (SD), except where % is noted to indicate n (%). GED, General Education Diploma; DUDIT-C, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption; DSM5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th Edition; SUD, Substance Use Disorder; DUQ, Drug Urge Questionnaire. ***p < .001.