Table 3. Sperm morphology (%) at follow-up times, after induced testicular and epididymal heating in volunteers and in controls.

Variables	Controls (n=27)	After heating
		D165 (n=5)	D193 (n=5)	D215 (n=5)	D300 (n=5)
Tapered head	1 [0–3]	3 [2–6]	1 [0–2]	1 [0–1]	0 [0–1]
Thin head	5 [3–7]	14 [10–18]*	7 [7–16]	6 [5–9]	6 [5–10]
Small round-head	10 [7–15]	14 [8–26]	18 [18–21]	15 [13–25]	14 [9–21]
Macrocephalic	1 [0–2]	3 [1–4]	1 [0–1]	0 [0–0]	1 [1–1]
Multiple heads	1 [0–2]	2 [2–3]	2 [1–2]	1 [0–3]	2 [0–3]
Abnormal post-acrosomal region	25 [12–31]	36 [34–39]	22 [22–32]	21 [20–21]	21 [21–29]
Abnormal acrosomal region	36 [25–47]	72 [54–80]*	42 [41–54]	41 [39–54]	46 [40–56]
Excess residual cytoplasm	3 [2–6]	8 [8–12]	5 [4–5]	5 [5–6]	2 [2–5]
Thin midpiece	2 [0–3]	2 [1–2]	2 [1–2]	1 [1–2]	3 [1–4]
Bent or misaligned midpiece	17 [11–21]	25 [21–27]	23 [18–28]	19 [16–24]	16 [14–22]
No tail	1 [0–2]	2 [2–3]	1 [0–1]	1 [1–1]	1 [1–5]
Short tail	0 [0–1]	1 [1–3]	0 [0–1]	0 [0–1]	1 [1–1]
Irregularly shaped tail	0 [0–1]	1 [0–4]	0 [0–3]	1 [1–2]	0 [0–1]
Coiled tail	9 [4–13]	13 [11–13]	11 [9–17]	10 [10–18]	17 [9–22]
Multiple tails	1 [0–2]	3 [3–4]	2 [2–3]	1 [1–1]	2 [1–3]
Normal spermatozoa (%)	38 [26–44]	11 [4–20]*	26 [18–29]	33 [21–37]	33 [23–33]
MAI	1.86 [1.68–1.94]	2.42 [2.1–2.73]*	2.10 [1.84–2.16]	2 [1.97–2.08]	1.98 [1.91–2.04]

Values are expressed as a median with an interquartile range [q1–q3]. *, values differ significantly from the control group values.