Fig. 1.

Adolescent male and female mice show impaired problem-solving abilities in the puzzle box test. (A and D) Adolescent mice require a longer time to move from the lit compartment to the dark chamber during trail 5 and 8 (T5 and T8) of the test. (B and E) Short-term memory (trials 3, 6, 9–T3, T6, T9) and (C and F) long-term memory (trials 4 and 7–T4 and T7) are not different between adolescent and adult mice. *p < 0.05; ^Tp < 0.08. Male adolescent N = 10; Male adult N = 9; Female adolescent N = 8; Female adult N = 11.