TABLE 1—
Study Demographics by Exposure to the Criminal Legal System (CLS): Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS): United States, 2018
| Variable | No CLS Exposure (n = 1584), No (%) | Any CLS Exposure (n = 1229), No (%) | Overall (n = 2815), No (%) | P |
| Age, y | < .001 | |||
| 18–24 | 101 (10.8) | 81 (12.0) | 182 (11.2) | |
| 25–34 | 340 (18.1) | 310 (22.0) | 651 (19.6) | |
| 35–54 | 431 (29.5) | 436 (34.5) | 868 (31.5) | |
| 55–64 | 298 (16.5) | 232 (18.3) | 530 (17.2) | |
| 65–74 | 262 (15.8) | 135 (10.6) | 397 (13.8) | |
| ≥ 75 | 152 (9.3) | 35 (2.6) | 187 (6.7) | |
| Gender | < .001 | |||
| Women | 1013 (61.9) | 457 (35.9) | 1472 (51.7) | |
| Men | 571 (38.1) | 772 (64.1) | 1343 (48.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .006 | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 171 (9.8) | 226 (15.1) | 397 (11.9) | |
| Hispanic | 246 (17.6) | 165 (14.2) | 411 (16.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1046 (63.1) | 717 (62.4) | 1765 (62.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic Native American | 7 (0.5) | 19 (1.1) | 26 (0.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 114 (8.9) | 102 (7.2) | 216 (8.3) | |
| Household income, $ | < .001 | |||
| ≤ 24 999 | 292 (18.8) | 366 (30.3) | 659 (23.4) | |
| 25 000–49 999 | 436 (25.9) | 346 (26.9) | 782 (26.2) | |
| 50 000–74 999 | 299 (18.4) | 203 (15.8) | 503 (17.4) | |
| 75 000–99 999 | 233 (14.9) | 134 (11.0) | 367 (13.3) | |
| ≥ 100 000 | 324 (22.0) | 180 (16.0) | 504 (19.6) | |
| Housing type | .004 | |||
| Single-family home | 1154 (75.1) | 792 (66.2) | 1946 (71.6) | |
| Apartment | 372 (21.0) | 368 (27.5) | 742 (23.6) | |
| Mobile home/trailer/boat/RV/van | 58 (3.8) | 69 (6.3) | 127 (4.8) | |
| Employment status | .09 | |||
| Working | 931 (57.7) | 748 (59.1) | 1680 (58.2) | |
| Not working, seeking job | 82 (6.6) | 102 (10.0) | 184 (7.9) | |
| Not working, not seeking job | 446 (27.5) | 304 (24.1) | 751 (26.2) | |
| Not working, other | 125 (8.2) | 75 (6.8) | 200 (7.6) | |
| Education | < .001 | |||
| No HS diploma | 81 (8.2) | 107 (14.5) | 188 (10.7) | |
| HS graduate or GED | 303 (27.8) | 262 (30.0) | 566 (28.7) | |
| Some college | 650 (26.1) | 579 (30.3) | 1229 (27.7) | |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 550 (38.0) | 281 (25.3) | 832 (33.0) | |
| Marital status | .002 | |||
| Never married | 328 (23.2) | 329 (28.1) | 658 (25.1) | |
| Married or living with partner | 933 (58.0) | 604 (48.7) | 1538 (54.3) | |
| Widowed, divorced, or separated | 323 (18.9) | 296 (23.2) | 619 (20.6) | |
| History of addiction | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 113 (7.0) | 384 (29.3) | 497 (15.6) | |
| No | 1425 (93.0) | 791 (70.7) | 2216 (84.4) |
Note. GED = general equivalency diploma; HS = high school. CLS exposure includes police stops, arrests, and incarceration. Proportions are adjusted for sample weights to be nationally representative of the US household population. Two respondents from the overall FamHIS sample were missing all CLS data, leaving 2813 respondents with any CLS exposure data.