Table 1. Pre- and intraoperative patient characteristics.
| Variablesa | GA group (n=120) | GA-TPVB group (n=34) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.0±3.9 | 69.8±5.0 | 0.423 |
| Sex | 0.410 | ||
| Male | 59 (49.2) | 14 (41.2) | |
| Female | 61 (50.8) | 20 (58.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1±3.9 | 23.2±2.9 | 0.925 |
| ASA grade | 0.295 | ||
| II | 104 (86.7) | 27 (79.4) | |
| III | 16 (13.3) | 7 (20.6) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 54 (45.0) | 20 (58.8) | 0.154 |
| Diabetes | 21 (17.5) | 2 (5.9) | 0.093 |
| Stroke | 8 (6.7) | 3 (8.8) | 0.708 |
| Radiotherapy/chemotherapy | 5 (4.2) | 3 (8.8) | 0.376 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 100.9±9.3 | 102.6±10.2 | 0.349 |
| DLCO% | 93.9±15.2 | 97.1±17.4 | 0.309 |
| MCI | 58 (48.3) | 18 (52.9) | 0.635 |
| Operative time, min | 90.7±44.8 | 92.5±41.2 | 0.832 |
| Surgical procedure | 0.795 | ||
| VATS | 102 (85.0) | 27 (79.4) | |
| Thoracotomy | 10 (8.3) | 4 (11.8) | |
| Robotic assisted VATS | 8 (6.7) | 3 (8.8) | |
| Type of operation | 0.408 | ||
| Anatomical lobectomy | 83 (69.2) | 26 (76.5) | |
| Non-anatomical lobectomy | 37 (30.8) | 8 (23.5) | |
| Total fluid volume, mL | 1,043.3±254.9 | 1,101.5±198.6 | 0.222 |
| Intraoperative hypoxemia | 5 (4.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0.999 |
| Duration in PACU, min | 31.8±15.3 | 31.2±15.0 | 0.824 |
a, continuous data are shown as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data as number (%). Intraoperative hypoxemia: SpO2 <90%, lasting for more than 10 minutes. BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLCO, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; PACU, post anesthesia care unit.