Table 4. Indications, perioperative data and complications of PPM implantation after HTX.
| Parameter | All PPM (n=36) | Early PPM (n=12) | Late PPM (n=24) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPM indication | ||||
| Sinus node dysfunction, n (%) | 15 (41.7) | 8 (66.7) | 7 (29.2) | 0.03* |
| Atrioventricular block, n (%) | 21 (58.3) | 4 (33.3) | 17 (70.8) | 0.03* |
| Perioperative data | ||||
| Single chamber pacemaker, n (%) | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 0.30 |
| Dual chamber pacemaker, n (%) | 34 (94.4) | 12 (100.0) | 22 (91.7) | 0.30 |
| DDD/R pacing mode, mean ± SD | 34 (94.4) | 12 (100.0) | 22 (91.7) | 0.30 |
| VVI/R pacing mode, mean ± SD | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 0.30 |
| Left sided implantation, n (%) | 26 (72.2) | 8 (66.7) | 18 (75.0) | 0.60 |
| Right sided implantation, n (%) | 10 (27.8) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.60 |
| Operation time (min), mean ± SD | 74.8±19.6 | 77.2±20.8 | 73.6±18.9 | 0.63 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min), mean ± SD | 3.1±1.8 | 3.1±2.1 | 3.2±1.6 | 0.90 |
| Radiation dose (Gy∙cm2), mean ± SD | 2.6±1.2 | 2.6±1.0 | 2.7±1.4 | 0.85 |
| Perioperative complications | ||||
| Haemothorax/pneumothorax, n (%) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.15 |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
| Prolonged RA lead implantation, n (%) | 19 (52.8) | 5 (41.7) | 14 (58.3) | 0.35 |
| RA lead dislodgement during surgery, n (%) | 10 (27.8) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.60 |
| RA lead position, n (%) | ||||
| Right atrial appendage | 24 (66.7) | 8 (66.7) | 16 (66.7) | 0.55 |
| Other than right atrial appendage | 10 (27.8) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (25.0) | 0.55 |
| RA lead implantation not possible | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) | 0.55 |
*, statistically significant (P<0.05). HTX, heart transplantation; n, number; NA, not applicable; PPM, permanent pacemaker; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; SD, standard deviation.