Table 2.
Included studies
| Study (year) | Cell type | PRF preparation | Method | Main outcome induced by PRF |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bucur et al. (2019) [53] | Fibroblast cell line L929 |
200 g 14 min Hardware: NR |
Cell proliferation and migration using RCTA Scratch assay |
No effect on proliferation neither on migration |
| Elgamal et al. (2019) [47]. | Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) |
1500 rpm 14 min Hardware: NR |
Cell proliferation by MTT assay | Increased proliferation |
| Gervois et al. (2019) [54] | Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), neural stem cell (NSC) |
400 g 12 min Hardware:c |
Metabolic activity assay by MTT assay Cell proliferation by PI assay Cell migration by transwell migration assay |
Decreased and increased metabolic activity, dependent on the PRF concentration Increased proliferation of hDPSCs but no effect on NSC Increased migration of NSC |
| Gomez et al. (2019) [55] | Endothelial cells (EC) |
2000 rpm 7 min Hardware: NR |
Counting of the cells viewed under phase-contrast microscope | Increased cell growth |
| Herrera-Vizcaíno et al. (2019) [56] |
Human dermal vascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) Human fibroblasts (HF) |
44 g or 710 g 8 min Hardware:a |
Immunostaining of endothelial cells marker CD31 Immunohistochemical detection of CD31 Protein levels of VEGF, PDGF-BB and TGFβ by ELISA |
Increased CD31-positive cells Increased concentration of PDGF-BB of TGFβ at day 4 in HDMECs and HF No effect on VEGF |
| Kargarpour et al. (2019) [57] |
Murine primary macrophages, RAW264.7 cells |
1570 rpm 12 min Hardware:d |
Cell viability by MTT assay and live-dead staining Cell proliferation by BrdU Caspase 3 activity assay Western blot for cleaved caspase 3 Gene expression of osteoclast marker genes TRAP, Cathepsin K, DCSTAMP, NFATc1, OSCAR and pro and anti-apoptotic marker genes, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl2L1 by RT-PCR TRAP staining Pit formation assay |
Maintenance of cell viability and enhanced cell proliferation Reduced caspase 3 activity and suppression of cleaved caspase-3 Supression of osteoclastogenesis Suppression of the expression of TRAP, Cathepsin K, DCSTAMP, NFATc1, OSCAR Reduced number of multinucleated TRAP positive cells Reduced pit formation on dentine slices |
| Kasnak et al. (2019) [58] | Human oral keratinocyte (HMK) cells |
2700 rpm 15 min Hardware:e |
Cell proliferation by CellTiter 96 assay Protein levels of IL1β, IL1Ra, IL8, MCP1, and VEGF by ELISA |
Increased proliferation on titanium and hydroxyapatite discs Increased concentration of IL1β, IL1Ra, IL8, MCP1, and VEGF on titanium and hydroxyapatite discs |
| Li et al. (2018) [59] | Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) |
750 g 12 min + 500 g 5 min Hardware: NR |
Cell proliferation using CCK-8 ALP activity assay Mineralization assay by alizarin red staining Gene expression of RUNX2, Osterix and Osteocalcin by RT-PCR Protein expression of RUNX2 by Western blot |
Increased proliferation at day 1, 2 and 3 Increased ALP activity at 7 and 14 days Increased mineralization at 14 days Increased expression of RUNX2, Osterix at 5 and 7 days and Osteocalcin at 7 days Increased protein expression of RUNX2 at day 5 |
| Mahendran et al. (2019)[60] | Fibroblast cell line L929 |
3000 rpm 10 min Hardware: NR |
Cell viability by MTT assay | Maintenance of cell viability |
| Mudalal et al. (2019) [61] | Human gingival fibroblast |
3000 rpm 12 min Hardware:b |
Gene expression of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα by RT-PCR | Decreased expression of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα |
| Nasirzade et al. (2019) [62] |
Murine primary macrophages, Raw 264.7 cells |
1570 rpm 12 min Hardware:d |
Gene expression of M1 marker genes IL1β, IL6; M2 genes Arg1, Ym1 and lipoxygenases, ALOX12, and ALOX15 by RT-PCR IL6 levels by ELISA NF-휅B intracellular translocation by Immunofluorescent |
Decreased expression of IL1β and IL6 Increased expression of Arg1, Ym1 and lipoxygenases Increased IL6 protein level Reduced intracellular translocation of NF-휅B |
| Ratajczak et al. (2018) [63] | HUVEC |
400 g 12 min Hardware:c |
Cell proliferation by MTT assay and propidium iodide assay Cell migration by transwell migration assay Angiogenic potential by Tube Formation assay |
Increased proliferation Enhanced migration Increased tube formation |
| Steller et al. (2019) [64] | Primary human osteoblasts (OB) |
400 g 10 min Hardware:f |
Viability by MTT assay Cell adhesion to titanium surface by RTCA and cell wash assay |
Maintenance of cell viability No effect on adhesion to titanium surface |
| Steller et al. (2019) [64] | Human gingival fibroblasts (GF), human osteoblasts (hOB) |
400 g 10 min Hardware:f |
Cell viability by MTT assay Cell migration by scratch assay |
Cell viability maintained at 24 and 72 h in OB and at 72 h in GF Increased migration of GF and OB at 24, 48 and 72 h Increased proliferation |
| Verboket et al. (2019)[40] | Bone marrow monuclear cells (BMC) |
60 g 3 min 208 g 8 min Hardware:a |
Metabolic activity by MTS assay Gene expression of VEGFA, ICAM1, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TGF-β1, BCL2, BAX, ALP, COL1a1, FGF23, and OPN by RT-PCR Determination of apoptosis using Annexin-V-staining |
Increased metabolic activity at day 14 Increased expression of SPPI at day 2 and 7, TGFβ, MMP2, at day 7 and MMP9 at day 14 No effect on ICAM, ALP, COL1a1, FGF23 and other genes. PRF did not induce apoptosis |
| Wang et al. (2019) [65] |
Dermal skin fibroblast cell |
60 g 3 min Hardware: NR |
Cell viability using live and dead staining Cell migration assay Cell proliferation using CCK-8 Gene expression of PDGF, TGFβ, COL1a1, and FN1 by RT-PCR Immunofluorescent staining of collagen type I |
Maintenance of cell viability Increased the migration Increased proliferation at day 3 and 5 Increased expression of PDGF, TGFβ, COL1a1, and FN1 at 3 and 7 days. Increased collagen type I staining |
Note. NR not reported, MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide, ALP alkaline phosphatase, COL1A1 collagen 1 alpha 1, RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, ICAM1 intercellular adhesion molecule, SPPI osteopontin, PDGF-BB platelet-derived growth factor, PI propodeum iodide, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, CCK-8 cell counting kit-8, TGFβ transforming growth factor-β, TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, DCSTAMP dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, NFATc1 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, OSCAR osteoclast-associated receptor, Bax Bcl2-associated x protein, Bcl2 B cell lymphoma 2, MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein-1, MTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium), FGF23 basic fibroblast growth factor, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor, Arg1 arginase-1, ALOX arachidonate lypoxigenase, NF nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, RTCA real-time-cell analyzer assay, M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, FN1 fibronectin
aDuo Centrifuge, Nice, France
bEppendorf Centrifuge 5702, Hamburg, Germany
cIntraspin TM, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL
dZ 306 Hermle Universal Centrifuge, Wehingen, Germany
eSL8R, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA
fAllegra X-12R-Centrifuge, Brea, California