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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2019 Apr 18;129:180–187. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.04.012

Table 3.

Claim-based rate of imaging procedures (IP) among children < 18 year of age with kidney stones, overall and by year, 2005-2016*

All years
 Annual Rates†
Total
person-
days		 Total
IP		 Rate† 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Overall 1,818,554 16,300 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7
Age (years)
 0 to 2 78,708 372 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8
 3 to 10 329,488 2,222 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6
 11 to 17 1,410,358 13,706 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7
Gender
 Male 767,449 6,2 49 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
Female 1,051,105 10,051 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
Race/ethnicity
 White 1,381,962 12,759 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
 Black 115,403 1,017 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
Hispanic 149,229 1,113 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5
 Asian 30,095 143 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.5
Unknown 141,865 1,268 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7
Region
Northeast 157,791 1,117 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7
Midwest 454,615 4,149 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7
 South 971,525 9,342 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8
 West 234,623 1,692 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6
Type of image‡
Plain film/KUB 1,818,554 4,354 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
Intravenous pyelography 1,818,554 388 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ultrasound 1,818,554 3,577 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
 CT, without contrast 1,818,554 6,815 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
 CT, with contrast 1,818,554 824 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
 CT, both contrasts 1,818,554 257 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 CT, unspeci fied contrast 1,818,554 79 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 MRI 1,818,554 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
*

Source: De-identified Optum© Clinformatics® Data Mart, 2004-2016

†

Per 120 person-days, which is meant to represent a single kidney stones event

‡

The “Total Person-Days” for each subcategory will match the “Total Person-Days” in the “Overall” row

Abbreviations: IP: imaging procedure; KUB: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder X-ray; CT: Computed Tomography; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging