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. 2019 Dec 24;9(1):e014358. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014358

Figure 3.

Figure 3

PCSK9Qβ‐003 vaccine remarkably improved the levels of transcription factors and target genes associated with the development of hepatic steatosis. A through C, PCSK9Qβ‐003 increased the expression level of LDLR, VLDLR, and SREBP2. D and E, PCSK9Qβ‐003 remarkably upregulated the mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation related factors. F, PCSK9Qβ‐003 up‐regulated the level of transporting factors ABCA1 and ABCG1. G, PCSK9Qβ‐003 administration obviously reduced the level of hepatic fibrosis–related factors. n=6 per group. Data are expressed as means±SEM. ABCA1 indicates ATP binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1; ACAT1, acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACOX1, acyl‐CoA oxidase 1; ACOX2, acyl‐CoA oxidase 2; APOB, apolipoprotein B; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; col‐I, collagen alpha‐1; col‐III, collagen alpha‐3; Con, the Control group; Cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α; Cpt2, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2; LDLR, low‐density lipoprotein receptor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PBS, the phosphate‐buffered saline group; PGC‐1, PPARγ coactivator‐1a; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ; SREBP1, sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1; SREBP2, sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor‐β; Vac, the PCSK9Qβ‐003 vaccine group; VLDLR, very‐low‐density lipoprotein receptor; VLP, the Qβ virus‐like particles group.