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. 2019 Dec 24;9(1):e014358. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.014358

Figure 7.

Figure 7

PCSK9Qβ‐003 vaccine upregulated FAO‐related factors and ameliorated renal fibrosis–related molecules in the L‐NAME model. A, PCSK9Qβ‐003 increased the expression level of LDLR, VLDLR, and SREBP2. B and C, PCSK9Qβ‐003 remarkably upregulated the levels of fatty acid metabolism–related factors. D, The PCSK9Qβ‐003 vaccine obviously reduced the level of TGF‐β and Smad3. E through H, PCSK9Qβ‐003 treatment improved the protein expression of PPARα, ACOX1, TGF‐β and pSmad3. n=6 per group. Data are expressed as means±SEM. ACOX1 indicates acyl‐CoA oxidase 1; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; Con, the control group; Cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α; LDLR, low‐density lipoprotein receptor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PBS, the phosphate‐buffered saline group; PGC‐1, PPARγ coactivator‐1a; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ; SREBP2, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor‐β; Vac, the PCSK9Qβ‐003 vaccine group; VLDLR, very‐low‐density lipoprotein receptor; VLP, the Qβ virus‐like particles group.