Table 4.
QoL influencing factors among male older adults
| Total | China | India | Russia | South Africa | Ghana | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | |
| Country (Ref: China) | ||||||
| India | −0.44 (0.45) | |||||
| Russia | −0.93 (0.33)† | |||||
| South Africa | −4.46 (0.41)† | |||||
| Ghana | −5.25 (0.40)† | |||||
| Age group (Ref: 50–59) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 0.26 (0.20) | 0.57 (0.32) | −0.87 (0.39)* | 1.79 (0.70)* | 1.07 (0.58) | −0.19 (0.51) |
| 70–79 | 1.08 (0.24)† | 1.86 (0.38)† | −1.11 (0.50)* | 3.53 (0.87)† | 3.34 (0.76)† | −0.26 (0.62) |
| 80 and above | 2.33 (0.40)† | 4.36 (0.66)† | 0.05 (0.86) | 8.66 (1.41)† | 2.06 (1.13) | −1.00 (0.84) |
| Education (Ref: Less than primary) | ||||||
| Primary only | −0.19 (0.25) | 0.04 (0.36) | −0.61 (0.48) | 1.52 (2.82) | −0.96 (0.79) | −0.08 (0.68) |
| Secondary only | −0.06 (0.27) | −0.03 (0.39) | − 0.95 (0.53) | 1.50 (2.72) | 1.00 (0.93) | 1.58 (0.94) |
| High school only | −0.14 (0.28) | −0.40 (0.46) | − 0.04 (0.59) | 2.72 (2.69) | 0.96 (1.18) | −1.01 (0.58) |
| College and above | 0.51 (0.37) | 0.27 (0.61) | 0.97 (0.75) | 2.03 (2.75) | 1.57 (1.23) | 0.62 (1.05) |
| Health insurance | 0.28 (0.26) | 0.17 (0.44) | −0.95 (0.73) | 0.97 (3.95) | 0.38 (0.66) | 0.72 (0.45) |
| Income | 4.88 (0.23)† | 4.74 (0.36)† | 3.76 (0.49)† | 3.19 (0.81)† | 5.82 (0.72)† | 6.35 (0.64)† |
| Living environment | 0.73 (0.12)† | 1.10 (0.21)† | 0.81 (0.20)† | 1.51 (0.63)* | 1.43 (0.36)† | −0.62 (0.30)* |
| Cognitive function | 0.97 (0.11)† | 0.78 (0.16)† | 1.18 (0.27)† | 0.82 (0.34)* | 1.07 (0.31)† | 1.27 (0.29)† |
| Physical function | −0.36 (0.01)† | − 0.41 (0.02)† | − 0.32 (0.01)† | −0.42 (0.03)† | − 0.33 (0.02)† | −0.37 (0.02)† |
| Arthritis | −2.46 (0.22)† | −3.41 (0.34)† | −1.84 (0.47)† | −2.23 (0.68)† | − 1.09 (0.69) | − 1.92 (0.69)† |
| Hypertension | 0.02 (0.17) | 0.09 (0.27) | 0.30 (0.37) | −1.68 (0.57)† | 0.45 (0.54) | 0.42 (0.42) |
| Diabetes | −2.08 (0.35)† | −2.91 (0.56)† | −1.19 (0.64) | − 2.66 (1.23)* | − 1.45 (0.92) | −2.42 (1.16)* |
| Married | 0.46 (0.27) | 1.19 (0.52)* | −1.14 (0.53)* | 0.40 (1.12) | 0.53 (0.63) | 1.16 (0.62) |
| Family support | −0.02 (0.20) | 0.28 (0.30) | −0.24 (0.39) | −1.33 (0.78) | 1.07 (0.79) | 0.05 (0.47) |
| Community support | −0.76 (0.46) | −2.47 (1.01)* | −1.03 (0.60) | 3.21 (2.22) | 3.87 (2.10) | −0.54 (1.32) |
| Social cohesion index | 0.22 (0.02)† | 0.28 (0.04)† | 0.32 (0.04)† | 0.37 (0.08)† | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.15 (0.03)† |
| Living arrangements | 0.61 (0.35) | 1.27 (0.58)* | −2.55 (2.09) | 0.21 (1.25) | 1.21 (0.78) | 1.95 (0.75)† |
Note. * < 0.05; † < 0.01