Table 5.
QoL influencing factors among female older adults
| Total | China | India | Russia | South Africa | Ghana | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | β (SE) | |
| Country (Ref: China) | ||||||
| India | 0.56 (0.44) | |||||
| Russia | −1.24 (0.31)† | |||||
| South Africa | − 2.95 (0.38)† | |||||
| Ghana | −5.44 (0.39)† | |||||
| Age group (Ref: 50–59) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 0.88 (0.19)† | 1.09 (0.30)† | 0.30 (0.41) | 0.83 (0.56) | 2.05 (0.51)† | −0.22 (0.62) |
| 70–79 | 1.60 (0.23)† | 2.67 (0.37)† | 0.28 (0.57) | 1.75 (0.63)† | 2.32 (0.62)† | −0.52 (0.68) |
| 80 and above | 2.22 (0.37)† | 3.88 (0.64)† | −0.36 (0.94) | 3.33 (0.90)† | 5.29 (0.94)† | −1.60 (0.95) |
| Education (Ref: Less than primary) | ||||||
| Primary only | −0.19 (0.26) | 0.29 (0.36) | −0.80 (0.60) | 0.89 (1.27) | −0.46 (0.63) | 0.10 (0.83) |
| Secondary only | −0.03 (0.28) | −0.30 (0.38) | − 0.21 (0.87) | 2.08 (1.16) | 0.85 (0.71) | 0.50 (1.69) |
| High school only | 0.07 (0.32) | 0.21 (0.45) | −0.04 (1.01) | 1.04 (1.16) | 1.05 (1.08) | 0.11 (0.84) |
| College and above | 0.98 (0.44)* | 1.33 (0.78) | 0.99 (1.38) | 1.77 (1.25) | 1.46 (1.31) | −0.46 (1.76) |
| Health insurance | 0.65 (0.25)* | 0.40 (0.37) | −1.73 (0.97) | 2.32 (3.30) | 0.53 (0.62) | 1.80 (0.50)† |
| Income | 5.17 (0.22)† | 5.21 (0.35)† | 4.68 (0.50)† | 4.13 (0.64)† | 5.44 (0.60)† | 5.96 (0.70)† |
| Living environment | 0.58 (0.11)† | 0.84 (0.21)† | 0.41 (0.21)* | 0.76 (0.47) | 1.22 (0.29)† | −0.28 (0.34) |
| Cognitive function | 0.83 (0.11)† | 0.51 (0.15)† | 0.73 (0.28)* | 0.97 (0.27)† | 1.15 (0.25)† | 1.23 (0.34)† |
| Physical function | −0.34 (0.01)† | −0.40 (0.01)† | − 0.31 (0.01)† | −0.35 (0.02)† | − 0.30 (0.01)† | −0.36 (0.02)† |
| Arthritis | −2.34 (0.19)† | −2.34 (0.28)† | −2.56 (0.46)† | −3.38 (0.43)† | −1.79 (0.50)† | −0.42 (0.63) |
| Hypertension | −0.04 (0.17) | 0.62 (0.25)* | −0.07 (0.38) | −1.43 (0.43)† | 0.44 (0.48) | −0.83 (0.47) |
| Diabetes | −2.46 (0.31)† | −3.57 (0.49)† | −1.95 (0.72)† | −1.84 (0.68)† | − 1.69 (0.70)* | −1.03 (1.13) |
| Married | 1.50 (0.20)† | 1.92 (0.38)† | 1.62 (0.40)† | 1.89 (0.53)† | 1.44 (0.48)† | 0.02 (0.54) |
| Family support | 0.20 (0.18) | 0.31 (0.28) | 0.26 (0.39) | −0.53 (0.51) | 1.45 (0.63)* | −0.22 (0.48) |
| Community support | −0.32 (0.42) | −2.17 (0.89)* | −1.01 (0.63) | 2.72 (1.25)* | 3.17 (1.66) | 0.09 (1.19) |
| Social cohesion index | 0.25 (0.02)† | 0.28 (0.04)† | 0.30 (0.04)† | 0.38 (0.06)† | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.26 (0.04)† |
| Living arrangements | 1.66 (0.27)† | 1.90 (0.45)† | −1.10 (1.10) | 2.04 (0.57)† | 0.72 (0.72) | 2.18 (0.79)† |
Note. * < 0.05; † < 0.01