Table 2.
Summary statistics in study countries
| Kenya | Malawi | Nigeria | Tanzania | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHS survey year | 2014 | 2015/16 | 2013 | 2015/16 | |
| Number of DHS clusters | 1585 | 828 | 889 | 527 | |
| Number of DHS clustersa<5 h from a hospital | 1573 | 828 | 889 | 521 | |
| Number of livebirths included in the final analysisb | 19,463 | 17,384 | 31,828 | 8317 | |
| Year of master facility list data | 2015 | 2013 | 2010–2014 | 2016 | |
| Number of hospitals in the master facility list | 485 | 116 | 3787 | 265 | |
| Number of geo-referenced hospitals | 480 | 115 | 3787 | 265 | |
| Travel time to the nearest hospital in minutes | |||||
| Mean (standard deviation) | 26.6 (40.5) | 30.9 (28.5) | 25.2 (33.5) | 61.7 (58.4) | |
| Median (interquartile range) | 12.7 (4.1–29.8) | 24.9 (10.7–40.7) | 14.2 (3.7–34.1) | 45.1 (16.9–87.9) | |
| Maximum | 291.2 | 268.3 | 293.9 | 296.0 | |
| Percentage distribution of place of childbirth among livebirths included in the final analysisb | |||||
| Hospital | Government sector | 30.3 | 27.4 | 14.1 | 23.0 |
| Non-government sector | 9.1 | 7.9 | 13.0 | 8.3 | |
| Other health facilities | Government sector | 15.8 | 51.4 | 8.5 | 27.1 |
| Non-government sector | 6.1 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 3.6 | |
| Not in a health facility (own/TBA/other home) | 37.2 | 7.1 | 63.2 | 37.9 | |
| Unknown/missing | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total percentage of hospital childbirth | 39.4 | 35.3 | 27.1 | 31.4 | |
| Total percentage of facility childbirth | 61.3 | 91.4 | 35.8 | 62.1 | |
TBA Traditional birth attendant
a Excluding Likoma Island in Malawi (22 DHS clusters) and Zanzibar in Tanzania (81 DHS clusters), and DHS clusters without geographic coordinates (9 in Kenya and 7 in Nigeria)
b The final analysis comprised livebirths from geo-referenced survey clusters < 5 h from a hospital, and with the same residence at the time of survey and birth (where data was available)