Table 1.
Clinical baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes
| Variable | Total N = 1372 |
CIMT(−) group N = 965 |
CIMT(+) group N = 407 |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 843/529 (61.4%, 38.6%) | 558/407 (57.8%, 42.2%) | 285/122 (70%, 30%) | 0.000a** |
| Smoking (no/yes) | 809/563 (59.0%, 41.0%) | 654/311 (67.8%, 32.2%) | 155/252 (38.1%, 61.9%) | 0.000a** |
| Age (years) | 53.66 ± 11.44 | 53.04 ± 11.49 | 55.12 ± 11.20 | 0.001b** |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 75.51 ± 10.86 | 75.85 ± 10.94 | 74.70 ± 10.64 | 0.042b* |
| SBP (mm/Hg) | 126.42 ± 16.28 | 125.37 ± 16.07 | 128.90 ± 16.51 | 0.000b** |
| DBP (mm/Hg) | 76.52 ± 9.86 | 76.05 ± 9.70 | 77.64 ± 10.16 | 0.005b** |
| Height (cm) | 161.77 ± 9.25 | 161.42 ± 9.15 | 162.60 ± 9.44 | 0.013b* |
| Weight (kg) | 67.09 ± 12.64 | 66.15 ± 12.40 | 69.32 ± 12.94 | 0.000b** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.42 ± 3.60 | 25.19 ± 3.57 | 25.98 ± 3.61 | 0.000b** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.74 ± 9.29 | 87.99 ± 9.22 | 90.50 ± 9.22 | 0.000b** |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96.30 ± 7.21 | 95.95 ± 7.27 | 97.12 ± 7.01 | 0.004b** |
| WHR | 0.921 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.006b** |
| VFA (cm2) | 86.34 ± 39.82 | 82.54 ± 38.23 | 95.34 ± 42.05 | 0.000b** |
| SFA (cm2) | 172.54 ± 60.80 | 168.42 ± 60.26 | 182.33 ± 61.01 | 0.000b** |
| Glu0 (mmol/L) | 9.55 ± 3.57 | 9.58 ± 3.76 | 9.46 ± 3.08 | 0.678b |
| Glu120 (mmol/L) | 14.84 ± 4.98 | 14.69 ± 4.94 | 15.20 ± 5.05 | 0.056b |
| Ins0 (µIU/mL) | 9.31 ± 5.90 | 9.21 ± 5.94 | 9.56 ± 5.80 | 0.316b |
| Ins120 (µIU/mL) | 24.03 ± 18.78 | 23.76 ± 18.93 | 24.67 ± 18.42 | 0.258b |
| C0 (µg/L) | 1.48 ± 1.18 | 1.45 ± 1.19 | 1.55 ± 1.17 | 0.126b |
| C120 (µg/L) | 3.41 ± 9.23 | 3.40 ± 10.61 | 3.43 ± 4.46 | 0.023b* |
| HbA1C (%) | 9.28 ± 2.39 | 9.23 ± 2.42 | 9.39 ± 2.33 | 0.280b |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 137.05 ± 112.14 | 135.57 ± 67.83 | 140.57 ± 177.56 | 0.015b* |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.346 ± 10.84 | 5.41 ± 12.80 | 5.21 ± 2.73 | 0.002b** |
| Scr (µmol/L) | 64.18 ± 20.69 | 63.18 ± 20.06 | 66.54 ± 21.95 | 0.002b** |
| UA (µmol/L) | 332.75 ± 95.49 | 329.98 ± 95.37 | 339.31 ± 95.57 | 0.022b** |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 2.51 | 2.81 ± 2.66 | 2.53 ± 2.10 | 0.436b |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.61 ± 1.33 | 4.64 ± 1.35 | 4.54 ± 1.28 | 0.166b |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 4.29 | 1.40 ± 5.11 | 1.19 ± 0.40 | 0.006b** |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.30 ± 0.90 | 2.29 ± 0.90 | 2.34 ± 0.88 | 0.497b |
| L-CIMT (mm) | 1.49 ±1.83 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | 3.29 ± 2.57 | 0.000b** |
| R-CIMT (mm) | 1.48 ± 1.83 | 0.72 ± 0.13 | 3.26 ± 2.71 | 0.000b** |
| Mean value of CIMT (mm) | 1.48 ± 1.84 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | 3.27 ± 2.62 | 0.000b** |
| L-ABI | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 0.057b |
| R-ABI | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 0.051b |
| Mean value of ABI | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.15 ± 0.08 | 0.055b |
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, WHR waist hip ratio, VFA visceral fat area, SFA subcutaneous fat area, Glu0 fasting blood glucose, Glu120 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, Ins0 fasting serum insulin, Ins120 2-hour postprandial serum insulin, C0 fasting serum C peptide, C120 2-hour postprandial serum C-peptide, HbA1C glycated hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, UA uric acid, TG triglyceride, TC cholesterol, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, CIMT carotid intima media thickness, L-CIMT left carotid intima media thickness, R-CIMT right carotid intima media thickness, ABI ankle brachial index, L-ABI left ankle brachial index, R-ABI right ankle brachial index
aChi-square test
bMann-Whitney’s U test
*P<0.05, **P<0.01