Table 3.

Factors that may explain (early) cancer detection in patients with heart failure

Heart failure management events	Detection of cancer by
Heart failure‐related hospital visits (outpatient and/or admission)	Physical, biochemical and radiological examinations
Use of oral anticoagulants	Blood loss from tumour prone to bleeding; more sensitive oncological testing
Cardiovascular risk factor	Shared risk factors – relevance for cancer detection Regular visits to cardiologist and/or general practitioner
Shared pathophysiological mechanisms	Knowledge exchange and research may improve cancer awareness in heart failure patients among cardiologists and oncologists; to date unclear if this will translate into better patient management
Trial inclusion and execution	Cardiovascular and cancer endpoints; state‐of‐the‐art endpoint adjudication