Table 1.

PDRMIP Multimodel Mean Radiative Forcing (See section 2.3 for Definitions), GSAT Response, Climate Feedback Parameter Calculated Using First 20 years (α_20), Final 80 years (α_80), and Full 100 years (α) of Simulations, and Efficacies (See section 2.4 for Definitions) for the Five Core Experiments

	2×CO2	3×CH4	2%SOL	5×SO4	10×BC
IRF trop (W m−2)	4.45 ± 0.11	1.04 ± 0.09	—	—	—
IRF toa (W m−2)	2.20 ± 0.22	1.13 ± 0.13	4.81 ± 0.05	−1.73 ± 1.02	2.17 ± 1.08
RF strat (W m−2)	3.76 ± 0.27	1.21 ± 0.28	4.55 ± 0.06	−3.64 ± 1.20	2.29 ± 1.15
ERF sst (W m−2)	3.71 ± 0.30	1.15 ± 0.25	4.17 ± 0.13	−3.71 ± 1.94	1.18 ± 0.75
ERF ssta (W m−2)	4.19 ± 0.35	1.25 ± 0.31	4.32 ± 0.12	−3.78 ± 1.99	1.25 ± 0.80
ERF reg (W m−2)	3.81 ± 0.57	1.06 ± 0.25	3.89 ± 0.29	−3.70 ± 1.79	0.83 ± 0.53
ΔT (K)	2.44 ± 0.75	0.67 ± 0.33	2.46 ± 0.97	−2.45 ± 1.85	0.74 ± 0.54
α (W m−2/K)	−1.19 ± 0.50	−1.06 ± 0.53	−1.24 ± 0.51	−1.11 ± 0.34	−0.89 ± 0.46
α_20 (W m−2/K)	−1.27 ± 0.52	−1.28 ± 0.57	−1.36 ± 0.51	−1.51 ± 0.85	−0.97 ± 0.77
α_80 (W m−2/K)	−1.03 ± 0.57	−0.93 ± 0.73	−1.04 ± 0.51	−0.80 ± 0.36	−0.78 ± 0.60
ΔT/IRF trop (K/W m−2)	0.55 ± 0.19	0.61 ± 0.33	—	—	—
ΔT/IRF toa (K/W m−2)	1.14 ± 0.44	0.57 ± 0.35	0.52 ± 0.21	1.25 ± 0.81	0.25 ± 0.21
ΔT/RF strat (K/W m−2)	0.66 ± 0.24	0.57 ± 0.29	0.54 ± 0.21	0.66 ± 0.25	0.40 ± 0.25
ΔT/ERF sst (K/W m−2)	0.67 ± 0.22	0.58 ± 0.23	0.59 ± 0.23	0.62 ± 0.19	0.63 ± 0.37
ΔT/ERF ssta (K/W m−2)	0.59 ± 0.19	0.54 ± 0.22	0.57 ± 0.22	0.61 ± 0.18	0.60 ± 0.34
ΔT/ERF reg (K/W m−2)	0.66 ± 0.25	0.66 ± 0.32	0.63 ± 0.25	0.63 ± 0.22	1.22 ± 1.45
E irf_trop		1.09 ± 0.35	0.89 ± 0.09	2.97 ± 1.86	0.54 ± 0.29
E irf_toa	—	0.48 ± 0.17	0.44 ± 0.04	1.50 ± 0.99	0.27 ± 0.13
E rf_strat	—	0.84 ± 0.21	0.81 ± 0.06	0.99 ± 0.09	0.55 ± 0.16
E erf_sst	—	0.87 ± 0.15	0.87 ± 0.07	0.94 ± 0.16	0.87 ± 0.31
E erf_ssta	—	0.91 ± 0.18	0.95 ± 0.07	1.04 ± 0.16	0.93 ± 0.32
E erf_reg	—	0.97 ± 0.23	0.96 ± 0.09	0.95 ± 0.25	1.48 ± 1.09
E α	—	1.22 ± 0.47	0.97 ± 0.12	1.01 ± 0.29	1.36 ± 0.26

Note. Uncertainty bounds are the standard deviation of the intermodel spread.