Figure 8.

Time-series of mean summer (JJA). Enhanced Vegetation Index in southern California island and mainland environments (a). Recent acute (single year; 2007) and chronic (multi-year; 2012–2017) drought events are shaded in gray. Lower panel (b) shows U.S. Drought Monitor categorizations for the South Coast region (U.S. Drought Monitor:http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/) during the same time interval. Island EVI is averaged from Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands, which all have significant island chaparral components. Mainland EVI is averaged from chaparral-dominated areas in the Santa Monica, Santa Ynez and Santa Ana ranges. EVI averages were generated by combining surface reflectance data from Landsat 4/5/7/8 using the Climate Engine web tool (https://app.climateengine.org/). Asterisks denote significant differences during drought years and years immediately following drought (i.e. recovery years).