Now I would like to ask you some questions about your experiences with helping patients consider surgical options. I am interested in your experience of talking to patients in cases where the right decision is uncertain. For example, in internal medicine, we help patients consider statins for primary prevention. In that case, the guidelines are always changing, and sometimes the patients don’t really match the patients from the trials. And the benefit is a decreased risk of a bad outcome, so there are probabilities involved. So can you think of an operation you frequently perform or a specific case where there are multiple options and the best choice is uncertain from the available evidence? [PROMPT: I’m looking for a case where there might be different options, for example, open versus laparoscopic repair of an aneurysm.] Tell me about an example like this in your practice. Will you walk me through how you would present the available options to the patient? How do patients react to being given options? How do patients react to being told that there is uncertainty? In this case, even though you are presenting multiple options, do you have an opinion about which option is best? In the case of [case they told me about], when you give patients options, do they ever express a preference that differs from what you believe to be the best option? How? How do you respond? Are there ever situations in [case they told me about] where you would not present both options? If so, why? How often do you find that you face situations like this, where there is uncertainty about options? What are the pros and cons of involving the patient in choosing between different surgical options in this case? Do you use any resources to help patients choose between different surgical options in this case? Would you mind being contacted in the future if we had more questions, or to see if you agree with the conclusions we reach from all of these interviews?