Figure 3.

RNAi knockdown of tko by different drivers results in developmental delay. Times to eclosion (means ± SD, n ≥ 3 replicate vials for each cross) for flies of the indicated sex and genotype, using the various drivers at the temperatures shown. Horizontal lines denoted by asterisks (*, **, ***) indicate significant differences in pairwise comparisons between knockdown and control flies of a given sex, using a given driver (Student’s t test, p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively). Note that males were in general more severely affected and in some cases (e.g. da-GAL4) too few males eclosed to permit a statistically meaningful analysis. Note that most GAL4 drivers exhibit the classic pattern of temperature dependence [38], i.e. increased activity at higher temperature. However, for the strongest drivers this may also lead to highly deleterious effects at high temperature, such that, at a lower temperature, results are more informative.