Table 3. Predictors of perceived abortion stigma over five years, using adjusted mixed effects linear regression .
| Independent variables | Overall perceived abortion stigma | Felt would be looked down upon by… | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Your community | People close to you | ||
| Study group | Beta[95% CI] | Beta[95% CI] | Beta[95% CI] |
| Near-limits (reference) | |||
| First-trimesters | -0.03[-0.20,0.14] | 0.02[-0.16,0.21] | -0.08[-0.26,0.10] |
| Turnaway-births | -0.34[-0.54,-0.14] | -0.30[-0.52,-0.08] | -0.38[-0.59,-0.16] |
| Turnaway-no-births | 0.20[-0.08,0.48] | 0.34[0.03,0.64] | 0.06[-0.24,0.35] |
| Years | -0.32[-0.38,-0.26] | -0.33[-0.40,-0.26] | -0.32[-0.38,-0.25] |
| First-trimester X years | -0.04[-0.14,0.06] | -0.08[-0.19,0.04] | -0.01[-0.12,0.10] |
| Turnaway-births X years | 0.11[-0.00,0.23] | 0.06[-0.07,0.20] | 0.16[0.02,0.29] |
| Turnaway-no-births X years | 0.00[-0.16,0.14] | -0.05[-0.24,0.14] | 0.05[-0.14,0.24] |
| Years2 | 0.04[0.03,0.05] | 0.04[0.03,0.05] | 0.04[0.02,0.05] |
| First-Trimester X years2 | 0.01[-0.01,0.03] | 0.02[-0.01,0.04] | 0.01[-0.02,0.03] |
| Turnaway-Births X years2 | -0.01[-0.03,0.01] | 0.00[-0.03,0.03] | -0.02[-0.04,0.02] |
| Turnaway-No-Births X years2 | -0.01[-0.04,0.02] | 0.00[-0.04,0.04] | -0.02[-0.04,0.02] |
| Baseline Covariates | |||
| Race/ethnicity: | |||
| White, Non-Hispanic (reference) | |||
| African American/Black | -0.37[-0.54,-0.20] | -0.45[-0.63,-0.27] | -0.29[-0.47,-0.12] |
| Hispanic/Latina | 0.03[-0.16,0.22] | -0.01[-0.22,0.18] | 0.09[-0.11,0.28] |
| Other | -0.02[-0.22,0.19] | -0.02[-0.24,0.20] | -0.02[-0.23,0.20] |
| Age | |||
| 14–19 (reference) | |||
| 20–24 | -0.19[-0.39,-0.00] | -0.25[-0.45,-0.04] | -0.15[-0.35,0.04] |
| 25–29 | -0.31[-0.54,-0.09] | -0.36[-0.60,-0.12] | -0.29[-0.51,0.06] |
| 30–46 | -0.26[-0.50,-0.02] | -0.32[-0.58,-0.07] | -0.21[-0.46,0.03] |
| Highest level of education | |||
| Less than high school (reference) | |||
| High school diploma or GED | -0.02[-0.20,0.16] | -0.01[-0.20,0.19] | -0.04[-0.22,0.15] |
| Some college/Associates/Technical school | 0.06[-0.13,0.25] | 0.06[-0.14,0.26] | 0.05[-0.14,0.25] |
| College degree or higher | -0.00[-0.29,0.29] | -0.02[-0.33,0.28] | 0.01[-0.29,0.31] |
| Marital status | |||
| Single/Never married (reference) | |||
| Married | 0.25[0.03,0.47] | 0.25[0.02,0.48] | 0.26[0.03,0.48] |
| Divorced/Widowed | 0.10[-0.11,0.31] | 0.16[-0.06,0.38] | 0.05[-0.17,0.26] |
| Nulliparous | 0.09[-0.06,0.25] | 0.13[-0.04,0.29] | 0.06[-0.10,0.22] |
| No previous abortion | 0.20[0.07,0.33] | 0.18[0.04,0.32] | 0.22[0.09,0.36] |
| Difficulty deciding to have an abortion | 0.10[0.05,0.14] | 0.10[0.05,0.15] | 0.09[0.05,0.14] |
| Emotional social support | -0.05[-0.06,-0.03] | -0.04[-0.05,-0.02] | -0.05[-0.06,-0.03] |
| Religion | |||
| None (reference) | |||
| Protestant | 0.20[0.06,0.35] | 0.18[0.02,0.34] | 0.21[0.05,0.37] |
| Catholic | 0.28[0.09,0.48] | 0.24[0.04,0.45] | 0.30[0.09,0.50] |
| Other | -0.05[-0.38,0.29] | -0.08[-0.44,0.28] | 0.04[-0.31,0.39] |
| Exposure to anti-abortion protesters | |||
| Did not see (reference) | |||
| Saw protesters but not heard | 0.10[-0.09,0.29] | 0.09[-0.11,0.29] | 0.11[-0.09,0.30] |
| Heard but was not stopped | 0.04[-0.16,0.24] | 0.00[0.21,0.22] | 0.06[-0.15,0.27] |
| Was stopped by protesters | 0.12[-0.07,0.31] | 0.07[-0.13,0.27] | 0.17[-0.02,0.37] |
| Region of residence | |||
| West (reference) | |||
| Northeast | -0.03[-0.24,0.18] | 0.00[-0.22,0.23] | -0.03[-0.24,0.18] |
| Midwest | 0.12[-0.07,0.31] | 0.19[-0.01,0.40] | 0.12[-0.07,0.31] |
| South | 0.29[0.10,0.47] | 0.37[0.17,0.57] | 0.29[0.10,0.47] |
| History of depression or anxiety | 0.20[0.06,0.35] | 0.28[0.12,0.43] | 0.12[-0.03,0.27] |
Bold items are statistically significant at p < .05; CI = 95% confidence interval.