Fig 4.

Effect of RNAi-mediated HSP genes silencing transcript knockdown on mortality rates in carob moth larvae subjected to (A) a moderate heat (37°C for 20 min) or (B) a moderate cold (10°C for 30 min) pretreatment, followed by exposure to a higher temperature treatment. Insects were injected with dsRNA targeting HSP70, HSP90, or GFP (negative control) genes’ transcripts, allowed to recover for 24 h and then subjected to the temperature (pre)treatments. The values represent the means and standard errors for percent survival for the replicates of 80 individuals. Different letters denote significantly different values from one another (LSD).