Table 1. Overall baseline characteristics among women in South Asian study sites who had the primary outcome and gestational age available for newborns by treatment arma.
| Variable | Arm 1 (n = 329) |
Arm 2 (n = 337) |
Arm 3 (n = 295) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, n (%) | |||
| <20 | 79 (24.0) | 80 (23.7) | 61 (20.7) |
| 20–24 | 148 (45.0) | 146 (43.3) | 124 (42.0) |
| 25 + | 102 (31.0) | 111 (32.9) | 110 (37.3) |
| Maternal education, n (%) | |||
| No formal schooling | 152 (46.2) | 137 (40.7) | 133 (45.1) |
| Primary | 28 (8.5) | 48 (14.2) | 46 (15.6) |
| Secondary + | 149 (45.3) | 152 (45.1) | 116 (39.3) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 19.9 ± 3.1 | 19.7 ± 3.0 | 19.7 ± 3.1 |
| Median (P25—P75) | 19.4 (17.8, 21.7) | 19.4 (17.6, 21.4) | 19.3 (17.4, 21.5) |
| BMI < 20.0, n (%) | 181 (55.0) | 190 (56.4) | 174 (59.0) |
| BMI < 18.5, n (%) | 122 (37.1) | 127 (37.7) | 113 (38.3) |
| Height, cm, n | |||
| Mean ± SD | 152.0 ± 5.9 | 151.2 ± 6.5 | 151.9 ± 6.2 |
| Median (P25—P75) | 151.9 (148.5, 156.0) | 150.8 (147.0, 155.1) | 151.5 (148.3, 156.0) |
| Parity, n (%) | |||
| 0 (nulliparous) | 110 (33.4) | 85 (25.2) | 76 (25.8) |
| 1 | 111 (33.7) | 118 (35.0) | 95 (32.2) |
| ≥ 2 | 108 (32.8) | 134 (39.8) | 124 (42.0) |
| Tally of indicators of higher SESb, n (%) | |||
| None (0 present) | 6 (1.8) | 2 (0.6) | 6 (2.0) |
| 1–2 present | 92 (28.0) | 87 (25.8) | 68 (23.1) |
| 3–4 present | 159 (48.3) | 183 (54.3) | 160 (54.2) |
| 5–6 present | 72 (21.9) | 65 (19.3) | 61 (20.7) |
aPrimary outcome obtained from one or more newborn of the woman.
bThe socio-economic status (SES) tally provides the number of indicators available from the following list: electricity, improved water source, sanitation, man-made flooring, improved cooking fuels, and household assets.