Table 1.

Weighted Descriptive Statistics by Gender (Wife/Husband).

Variable	Mean (SD)/proportion
	Wife	Husband
Outcome in Wave 2
Depression (CES-D) *	4.24 (3.98)	3.59 (3.76)
Loneliness (UCLA-R)	0.88 (1.39)	0.71 (1.16)
Anxiety (HADs)	5.85 (3.04)	5.42 (3.06)
Stress (PSS)	3.93 (1.67)	4.15 (1.53)
Religious Service Attendance	2.60 (1.73)	2.34 (1.80)
Social engagement **	9.79 (4.14)	8.92 (4.23)
Family Support ***	2.52 (0.61)	2.15 (0.78)
Friend Support ***	2.20 (0.79)	1.86 (0.81)
Outcome in Wave 3
Depression (CES-D) **	4.95 (4.23)	4.05 (3.71)
Loneliness (UCLA-R) *	0.86 (1.29)	0.65 (1.13)
Anxiety (HADs)	5.84 (3.05)	5.41 (2.94)
Stress (PSS)	4.11 (1.55)	4.00 (1.68)
Religious Service Attendance	2.53 (1.74)	2.37 (1.80)
Social engagement *	9.73 (4.30)	8.99 (4.15)
Family Support ***	2.53 (0.57)	2.26 (0.67)
Friend Support ***	2.11 (0.73)	1.84 (0.73)
Independent Variables
Became spousal caregiver by W3
(%)
Yes	10.4	9.4
No	89.6	90.6
Covariates
MoCA-SA in Wave 3 **	23.57 (4.28)	22.58 (4.27)
Change in MoCA-SA (W3-W2)	−0.67 (3.03)	−0.41 (3.11)
Functional limitations in Wave 3	0.47 (1.10)	0.53 (1.11)
Change in functional limitations (W3-W2)	0.09 (0.92)	0.22 (1.18)
Household income (%)
Less than $25,000	12.4	----
$25,000 <= $50,000	25.5	----
>$50,000 <=$100,000	40.1	----
> $100,000	5.4	----
Missing	16.6	----
Race (%)
White and other	86.6	85.6
Black	6.8	6.9
Hispanic	6.6	7.5
Education (%)
Less than high school	11.0	13.7
High school or equivalent	22.4	24.6
Some college	41.2	27.3
Bachelor’s degree or more	25.3	34.4
Age in years (%) ***
<= 64	41.2	22.8
65–74	43.7	49.8
75–84	14.6	25.1
>= 85	0.6	2.3
Comorbidity index (%) ***
0	13.5	7.8
1	22.3	27.6
2	21.0	24.3
3	14.2	21.0
4 and higher	29.0	19.7
N (unweighted)	588	588

Note. MoCA-SA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment – Survey Adapted.

Women and men are compared using t-tests for continuous variables, and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001 (two-tailed tests).