Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with a heart rate ≥ 77 b.p.m. at rest
| Baseline characteristics | Ivabradine group (n = 1657) | Placebo group (n = 1700) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (±SD) | 59.5 (±11) | 59.2 (±12) | 0.7709 |
| Female | 23.9% (n = 396) | 23.0% (n = 392) | 0.5660 |
| Caucasian | 87.7% (n = 1454) | 87.0% (n = 1479) | 0.7745 |
| Hypertension | 65.1% (n = 1079) | 63.5% (n = 1080) | 0.3369 |
| Diabetes | 31.6% (n = 525) | 32.6% (n = 555) | 0.5503 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 7.4% (n = 124) | 7.6% (n = 130) | 0.8577 |
| Ischaemic aetiology of HF | 65.4% (n = 1084) | 64.8% (n = 1103) | 0.7440 |
| BMI, kg/m2 mean (±SD) | 28.1 (±5.4) | 27.9 (±5.2) | 0.4930 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. Median (IQR) | 84 (77–130) | 84 (77–142) | 0.2338 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg mean (±SD) | 121.7 (±17) | 120.9 (±16) | 0.2681 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.8947 | ||
| I | 0 | 0 | |
| II | 45.7% (n = 758) | 44.9% (n = 764) | |
| III | 52.0% (n = 862) | 52.8% (n = 898) | |
| IV | 2.2% (n = 37) | 2.2% (n = 38) | |
|
LVEF, % mean (±SD) |
28.5% (±5.2) | 28.5% (±5.2) | 0.7768 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 mean (±SD) | 75.8 (±23.9) | 75.8 (±23.1) | 0.8961 |
| Treatments at study start or randomization | |||
| ACEi or ARBs | 89.7% (n = 1487) | 89.6% (n = 1524) | 0.9291 |
| Digitalis | 23.9% (n = 397) | 25.2% (n = 429) | 0.3907 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 63.1% (n = 1046) | 61.1% (n = 1039) | 0.2304 |
| Beta‐blockers, at study start or randomization | 86.1% (n = 1428) | 86.8% (n = 1476) | 0.5852 |
| Beta‐blockers, target daily dose | 26.0% (n = 366) | 24.2% (n = 356) | 0.3357 |
| Beta‐blockers, at least 50% of target dose daily | 54.4% (n = 765) | 54.4% (n = 792) | 0.9900 |
| Pacemaker or ICD or ICD + CRT | 3.0% (n = 50) | 4.8% (n = 83) | 0.0056 |
ACEi, angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IQR, inter‐quartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SD, standard deviation.