Fig. 1. SV structure and self-assembly concept.

(A) Schematic that shows a simplified layer stack of an SV magnetic field sensor. (B) A set of six SVs arranged within an orthogonal 3D Cartesian base. Each orthogonal plane contains an orthogonal pair of sensors that should be rearranged from their planar unidirectional state. (C) Subjected to an external rotating magnetic field, this sensor has a sinusoidal response. (D) 3D SV sensors reoriented into the specific 3D configuration by applying self-assembling rolled-up technology, resulting in a sin and cos response of each pair of sensors on each planes. (E) Planar state of the SVs with the pinning direction set 45° to the rolling direction.