TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Naloxone Administrations, by Year of Incident

	2013 (n=107,666)	2014 (N=122,506)	2015 (N=166,002)	2016 (N=206,354)
	%	%	%	%	p-value
Patient gender					<0.001
Male	54.6	56.4	58.4	61.0
Female	44.9	43.1	41.3	38.6
Patient age					<0.001
<20	4.2	3.8	3.5	3.0
20–29	17.4	18.0	19.7	20.6
30–39	15.4	16.2	18.2	19.9
40–49	16.5	15.9	15.4	15.6
50–59	19.7	19.3	18.6	18.2
60+	26.5	26.3	24.1	22.5
Unknown	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Incident location					<0.001
Private residence	65.3	63.9	62.0	55.6
Industrial place	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Street or highway	8.4	9.4	11.7	12.1
Trade or service	5.3	5.4	6.2	6.6
Residential institution	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.8
Other location	12.0	13.0	11.9	15.3
Unknown	5.9	4.9	5.0	7.4
Patient disposition					<0.001
Died at scene	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.1
Patient refused/withdrew permission	0.4	0.5	0.8	1.8
Treated and released	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.9
Treated and transferred	2.2	3.1	3.6	4.7
Treated, transport by EMS	93.6	92.2	91.2	88.4
Treated, transport by law enforcement	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Treated, transport by private vehicle	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
EMS-administered naloxone doses					<0.001
1	85.0	83.5	81.6	78.6
≥ 2	15.0	16.5	18.4	21.4
Naloxone prior to EMS arrival					<0.001
Yes	0.3	0.8	0.7	1.4
No	99.7	99.2	99.3	98.6
Census region					<0.001
Midwest	19.6	20.0	20.2	20.1
Northeast	14.0	16.1	19.0	19.4
South	48.0	45.1	44.4	47.0
West	18.3	18.7	16.3	13.6
County urbanicity					<0.001
Urban	81.5	80.7	81.1	83.9
Suburban	7.7	7.2	6.9	6.0
Rural or frontier	9.4	8.9	8.6	7.4
Not recorded	1.5	3.2	3.4	2.6