Table 2.
Baseline echocardiographic parameters
| Echocardiography parameters | Sinus rhythm (n=1554) | AF (N=293) | P value | Persistent AF (n=205) | Paroxysmal AF (n=88) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mm (n=1806) | 48.0±5.4 | 48.2±5.6 | 0.58 | 48.3±5.6 | 47.9±5.7 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, mm (n=1724) | 29.7±5.0 | 30.5±5.3 | 0.02 | 30.9±5.4 | 29.5±5.0* |
| Left ventricular stroke volume index, mL/m2 (n=1833) | 60.6±12.2 | 55.1±12.5 | <0.0001 | 52.7±11.6 | 60.9±12.8* |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 65.0±6.1 | 63.6±6.5 | 0.0003 | 62.9±6.4 | 65.3±6.3* |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 (n=1768) | 117.7±29.7 | 115.8±31.6 | 0.34 | 116.0±32.7 | 115.3±29.1 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 (n=1843) | 0.83±0.13 | 0.81±0.14 | 0.01 | 0.80±0.15 | 0.83±0.12 |
| Aortic valve area index, cm2/m2 (n=1838) | 0.55±0.11 | 0.53±0.11 | 0.04 | 0.52±0.10 | 0.56±0.11* |
| Aortic valve peak velocity, m/s | 4.62±0.54 | 4.46±0.54 | <0.0001 | 4.46±0.55 | 4.45±0.53 |
| Aortic valve mean gradient, mm Hg | 52.4±12.9 | 48.5±11.9 | <0.0001 | 48.4±11.8 | 48.7±12.0 |
| E/e’ ratio (n=1652) | 18.0±8.8 | 20.5±9.8 | <0.0001 | 20.1±9.7 | 21.2±9.9 |
| Left atrium volume index, mL/m2 (n=1417) | 41.1±13.3 | 56.1±20.8 | <0.0001 | 60.0±22.2 | 46.3±12.0* |
| MR (≥ moderate) (n=1829) | 55 (4) | 31 (11) | <0.0001 | 26 (13) | 5 (6) |
| TR (≥ moderate) (n=1829) | 43 (3) | 60 (21) | <0.0001 | 56 (28) | 4 (5)* |
| Right ventricular dysfunction (n=1827) | 98 (6) | 71 (25) | <0.0001 | 60 (31) | 11 (13)* |
| PASP, mm Hg (n=1578) | 37.9±12.7 | 46.1±14.4 | <0.0001 | 48.4±14.7 | 40.5±12.0* |
*
Persistent AF versus paroxysmal AF p-value <0.05.
AF, atrial fibrillation; e’, mitral annular early diastole velocity.E, transmitral inflow early diastole velocity; MR, mitral regurgitation; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; TR, tricuspid regurgitation;