Table 5.
Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters after 2:1 propensity matching by clinical characteristics
| Clinical characteristics | Sinus rhythm (n=567) | Atrial fibrillation (n=284) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 80.6±9.0 | 80.4±8.7 | 0.80 |
| Male | 319 (56) | 157 (55) | 0.79 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.55±0.31 | 1.55±0.33 | 0.81 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (Q1, Q3) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.29 |
| Hypertension | 376 (66) | 194 (68) | 0.56 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 305 (54) | 156 (55) | 0.75 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 157 (28) | 78 (28) | 0.94 |
| Congestive heart failure | 146 (26) | 80 (28) | 0.45 |
| Chronic lung diseases | 76 (13) | 40 (14) | 0.78 |
| Stroke | 194 (34) | 98 (34) | 0.93 |
| Renal failure | 54 (10) | 34 (12) | 0.27 |
| Angina+ | 109 (19) | 56 (20) | 0.86 |
| Syncope+ | 43 (8) | 26 (9) | 0.43 |
| Dyspnoea+ | 390 (69) | 196 (69) | 0.95 |
| Prior PCI | 44 (8) | 24 (8) | 0.73 |
| Prior CABG | 67 (12) | 33 (12) | 0.93 |
| Serum creatinine, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.43 |
| Heart rate | 70.6±13.9 | 71.6±14.6 | 0.30 |
| Echocardiography parameters | |||
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, mm | 47.8±5.3 | 48.2±5.6 | 0.44 |
| Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, mm | 29.8±4.9 | 30.5±5.3 | 0.05 |
| Left ventricular stroke volume index, mL/m2 | 59.2±12.0 | 55.2±12.6 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 64.8±6.3 | 63.6±6.5 | 0.01 |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 118.2±28.7 | 116.0±31.5 | 0.32 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.81±0.31 | 0.81±0.14 | 0.64 |
| Aortic valve area index, cm2/m2 | 0.54±0.11 | 0.53±0.11 | 0.39 |
| Aortic valve peak velocity, m/s | 4.57±0.52 | 4.45±0.53 | 0.002 |
| Aortic valve mean gradient, mm Hg | 51.5±12.2 | 48.2±11.6 | <0.001 |
| E/e’ ratio | 19.0±14.9 | 20.4±9.8 | 0.06 |
| Left atrium volume index, mL/m2 | 43.5±14.9 | 56.3±21.0 | <0.001 |
| MR (≥ moderate) | 26 (5) | 31 (11) | <0.001 |
| TR (≥ moderate) | 22 (4) | 58 (21) | <0.001 |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 39 (7) | 71 (26) | <0.001 |
| PASP, mm Hg | 39.6±13.2 | 46.2±14.5 | <0.001 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; e’, mitral annular early diastole velocity.E, transmitral inflow early diastole velocity; MR, mitral regurgitation; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TR, tricuspid regurgitation;