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. 2020 Jan 23;6:478. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00478

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Copyright © 2020 Silva, Schumacher and Passler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Average systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures for dogs castrated while sedated with xylazine and a subanesthetic dose of ketamine. Time points are: 1 = baseline, before any drugs, 2 = 3 min post xylazine/ketamine, 3 = before testicle injection, 4 = during first testicle injection, 5 = during second testicle injection, 6 = during skin injection, 7 = during incision, 8 = during first testicle removal, 9 = during second testicle removal, 10 = during subcutaneous suture, 11 = during skin suture, 12 = after toe pinch. ^*Reflects significant difference to baseline (time point 1). Error bars were constructed using the SEM.